AngularJS学习笔记之表单验证功能实例详解
本文实例讲述了AngularJS学习笔记之表单验证功能。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
一、执行基本的表单验证
<!DOCTYPE html> <html ng-app='exampleApp'> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>表单</title> <script src="../../js/angular.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap-theme.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <script type="text/javascript"> angular.module('exampleApp',[]) .controller('defaultCtrl',function($scope){ $scope.addUser=function(userDetails){ $scope.message=userDetails.name+"("+userDetails.email+")("+userDetails.agreed+")" } $scope.message='Ready'; }); </script> </head> <body> <div id="todoPanel" class="panel" ng-controller='defaultCtrl'> <form name='myForm' novalidate ng-submit='addUser(newUser)'> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="">Name:</label> <input type="text" name='userName' class="form-control" required ng-model='newUser.name'/> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="">Email:</label> <input type="email" name='userEmail' class="form-control" required ng-model='newUser.email'/> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for=""> <input type="checkbox" ng-model='newUser.agreed' required /> I agree to the terms and conditions </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-disabled='myForm.$invalid'>OK</button> </div> <div class="well"> message:{{message}} <div> valid:{{myForm.$valid}} </div> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
在上述例子中,该HTML文档被浏览器加载时的初始状态是:有三个input元素以及一个被禁用且无法单击的ok按钮,当在文本框中输入值并且勾选了复选框之后,按钮将变为可用,从而允许用户提交表单。
1、增加表单元素
(1)首先需要在form上设置一个name属性
(2)需要给表单增添novalidate属性,该属性用于告诉浏览器不要自己校验表单,从而允许AngularJS不受干扰的工作
(3)ng-submit指令为表单提交事件指定一个自定义的响应行为,将在用户提交表单时触发
2、使用校验属性
(1)为各个想要验证的元素添加name属性,这样可以访问到Angularjs所提供的各种特殊的变量
(2)设置type属性,这个属性指定了input元素将要接收的数据类型,这些类型告诉angularjs需要什么样的校验
(3)指定required属性,这个属性指定用户必须为待校验的表单提供一个输入值
(4)在本例中input元素都使用ng-model指令来设置隐式定义的newUser对象的一个属性
3、监控表单的有效性
AngularJS中用来替换标准表单元素的指令定义了一些特殊的变量,可以用来检查表单中各个元素或整个表单的有效性状态。
$pristine:如果用户没有与元素/表单产生交互,则返回true
$dirty:如果用户与元素/表单产生过交互,则返回true
$valid:当元素/表单内容的校验结果为有效时则返回true
$invalid:当元素/表单内容的校验结果为无效时则返回true
$error:提供校验错误的详情信息
二、提供表单校验反馈信息
在上面的例子中展示的效果是比较简单的,ok按钮将一直被禁用,直到所有的input元素可用,以阻止用户输入错误格式的或未填完的数据。在接下来我们将演示AngularJS为报告实时的校验信息
1、使用css提供校验反馈信息
ng-pristine:用户未曾交互过的元素被添加到这个类
ng-dirty:用户曾经交互过的元素被添加到这个类
ng-valid:校验结果为有效的元素在这个类中
ng-invalid:校验结果为无效的元素在这个类中
下面我们来看具体用法:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html ng-app='exampleApp'> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>表单</title> <script src="../../js/angular.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap-theme.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <script type="text/javascript"> angular.module('exampleApp',[]) .controller('defaultCtrl',function($scope){ $scope.addUser=function(userDetails){ $scope.message=userDetails.name+"("+userDetails.email+")("+userDetails.agreed+")" } $scope.message='Ready'; }); </script> <style type="text/css"> form .ng-invalid.ng-dirty{background-color: lightpink;} form .ng-valid.ng-dirty{background-color: lightgreen;} span.summary.ng-invalid{color: red;font-weight: bold;} span.summary.ng-valid{color: green;} </style> </head> <body> <div id="todoPanel" class="panel" ng-controller='defaultCtrl'> <form name='myForm' novalidate ng-submit='addUser(newUser)'> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="">Name:</label> <input type="text" name='userName' class="form-control" required ng-model='newUser.name'/> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="">Email:</label> <input type="email" name='userEmail' class="form-control" required ng-model='newUser.email'/> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label for=""> <input type="checkbox" ng-model='newUser.agreed' required /> I agree to the terms and conditions </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-disabled='myForm.$invalid'>OK</button> </div> <div class="well"> message:{{message}} <div> valid: <span class="summary" ng-class="myForm.$valid?'ng-valid':'ng-invalid'"> {{myForm.$valid}} </span> </div> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
在上述例子中,我们定义了四个样式,头两个样式用于选择属于ng-dirty类成员的元素,仅在用户与之交互后应用到相应元素上。内容有效的元素是ng-valid类的成员,会被渲染为淡绿色背景,内容无效的元素是ng-invalid类的成员,会被渲染为淡粉色背景
2、使用特殊变量来提供反馈信息
<!DOCTYPE html> <html ng-app='exampleApp'> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>表单</title> <script src="../../js/angular.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap-theme.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <script type="text/javascript"> angular.module('exampleApp',[]) .controller('defaultCtrl',function($scope){ $scope.addUser=function(userDetails){ $scope.message=userDetails.name+"("+userDetails.email+")("+userDetails.agreed+")" } $scope.message='Ready'; }); </script> <style type="text/css"> form .ng-invalid-required.ng-dirty{background-color: lightpink;} form .ng-invalid-email.ng-dirty{background-color: lightgoldenrodyellow;} form .ng-valid.ng-dirty{background-color: lightgreen;} span.summary.ng-invalid{color: red;font-weight: bold;} span.summary.ng-valid{color: green;} div.error{color:red;font-weight: bold;} </style> </head> <body> <div id="todoPanel" class="panel" ng-controller='defaultCtrl'> <form name='myForm' novalidate ng-submit='addUser(newUser)'> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="">Email:</label> <input type="email" name='userEmail' class="form-control" required ng-model='newUser.email'/> <div class="error" ng-show="myForm.userEmail.$invalid&&myForm.userEmail.$dirty"> <span ng-show="myForm.userEmail.$error.email"> please enter a valid email address </span> <span ng-show="myForm.userEmail.$error.required"> please enter a value </span> </div> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-disabled='myForm.$invalid'>OK</button> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
在本例中新增了一个新的div元素用于给用户显示校验提示信息,新的div元素的可见性是受ng-show指令控制的,将会在input元素被输入值,且输入值未通过校验时显示该元素。这里是联合使用form元素的name值和input的name值来访问input元素的。在这个例子中,我们使用特殊校验变量和其他指令联合使用以增强用户体验。但是这样可能会使页面增加大量的相同冗余信息的元素,接下来我们做简化
<!DOCTYPE html> <html ng-app='exampleApp'> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>表单</title> <script src="../../js/angular.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap-theme.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" /> <script type="text/javascript"> angular.module('exampleApp',[]) .controller('defaultCtrl',function($scope){ $scope.addUser=function(userDetails){ $scope.message=userDetails.name+"("+userDetails.email+")("+userDetails.agreed+")" } $scope.message='Ready'; $scope.getError=function(error){ if(angular.isDefined(error)){ if(error.required){ return 'please enter a value'; }else if(error.email){ return 'please enter a valid email address'; } } } }); </script> <style type="text/css"> form .ng-invalid-required.ng-dirty{background-color: lightpink;} form .ng-invalid-email.ng-dirty{background-color: lightgoldenrodyellow;} form .ng-valid.ng-dirty{background-color: lightgreen;} span.summary.ng-invalid{color: red;font-weight: bold;} span.summary.ng-valid{color: green;} div.error{color:red;font-weight: bold;} </style> </head> <body> <div id="todoPanel" class="panel" ng-controller='defaultCtrl'> <form name='myForm' novalidate ng-submit='addUser(newUser)'> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="">Email:</label> <input type="email" name='userEmail' class="form-control" required ng-model='newUser.email'/> <div class="error" ng-show="myForm.userEmail.$invalid&&myForm.userEmail.$dirty"> {{getError(myForm.userEmail.$error)}} </div> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-disabled='myForm.$invalid'>OK</button> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
更多关于AngularJS相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题:《AngularJS指令操作技巧总结》、《AngularJS入门与进阶教程》及《AngularJS MVC架构总结》
希望本文所述对大家AngularJS程序设计有所帮助。
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