java web开发之servlet图形验证码功能的实现
一 验证码的由来
在web项目开发中,为了防止部分人使用自动工具(如:自动注册机)等进行批量的数据处理,在不同的功能节点部分,添加了验证码进行验证,达到对自动软件的屏蔽效果
最经典的应用如:网站注册图形验证码;接下来,通过java技术,结合servlet实现一个网站注册需要的图形验证码程序,提供大家参考。
二 实现注册页面图形验证码效果
1. 创建web项目:java_servlet_verifyimg
2. 创建自动生成图形验证码的控制器——VerifyImgServlet
package com.phome.util; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Random; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec; import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder; public class VerifyImgServlet extends HttpServlet { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; // 设置随机字符字典。其中不包含0,o,1,I等难以辨认的字符 public static final char[] CHARS = { '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' }; public static Random random = new Random(); // 随机数对象 public static String getRandomString() { StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); // 字符串缓存 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) // 六次循环获取字符 { buffer.append(CHARS[random.nextInt(CHARS.length)]); // 每次随机取一个字符 } return buffer.toString(); } public static Color getRandomColor() { return new Color(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255)); } public static Color getReverseColor(Color c) { return new Color(255 - c.getRed(), 255 - c.getGreen(), 255 - c.getBlue()); } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); // 设置输出类型 不可省略 String randomString = getRandomString(); // 调用生成随机字符串方法获取并接受随机字符串 request.getSession(true).setAttribute("randomString", randomString); // 将字符串存储到Session中 int width = 100; // 图片宽度 int height = 30; // 图片高度 Color color = getRandomColor(); // 获取随机颜色 用于背景色 Color reverse = getReverseColor(color); // 反色 用于前景色 BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); // 创建一个彩色图片 Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics(); // 获取绘图对象 g.setFont(new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.BOLD, 16)); // 设置字体 g.setColor(color); // 设置颜色 g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); // 绘制背景 g.setColor(reverse); // 设置颜色 g.drawString(randomString, 18, 20); // 绘制随机字符 for (int i = 0, n = random.nextInt(100); i < n; i++) // 画最多一百个噪音点 { g.drawRect(random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height), 1, 1); // 随机噪音点 } ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); // 好像是获取输出流 JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out); // 编码器 encoder.encode(bi); // 对图片进行编码 out.flush(); // 输出到客户端 } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doGet(request, response); } }
3. 创建注册控制器——RegistServlet
package com.phome.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; /** * 注册控制器 * @author ZuoYi * */ public class RegistServlet extends HttpServlet{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(req, resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 从session中获取注册随机验证码 HttpSession session = req.getSession(); String randomString = (String)session.getAttribute("randomString"); // 获取用户输入验证码 String inputRandomString = req.getParameter("randomStr"); // 判断验证码通过,模拟进行注册 if (randomString.equals(inputRandomString)) { req.setAttribute("resinfo", "恭喜!注册成功!"); } else { req.setAttribute("resinfo", "验证码输入有误,请检查后重新进行注册!"); } // 注册成功或者失败,都跳转到result.jsp页面,查看注册结果。。。 req.getRequestDispatcher("result.jsp").forward(req, resp); } }
4. 配置servlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>simg</display-name> <!-- 配置用户注册servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>registservlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.phome.servlet.RegistServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>registservlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/regist.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置图形验证码servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>verifyimg</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.phome.servlet.VerifyImgServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>verifyimg</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/verifyimg.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
5. 创建注册视图测试页面——regist.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > --> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/regist.action" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/> <br /> 密码:<input type="text" name="password"/> <br /> 请输入验证码进行注册: <img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/verifyimg.action"/> <input type="text" name="randomStr"/> <br /> <input type="submit" value="regist"/> </form> </body> </html>
5.1 创建注册结果页面——result.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > --> </head> <body> ${requestScope.resinfo } </body> </html>
6.测试
(1)a.打开浏览器,输入测试地址:http://localhost:8080/java_servlet_verifyimg;出现如下图所示页面
b.输入注册账号、密码和验证码后点击regist提交
c.测试结果,跳转会注册页面,提示注册成功
(2)打开注册页面
输入错误注册码
测试结果页面
over!
更多关于验证码的文章请点击查看:《java验证码》
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
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