Oracle基础多条sql执行在中间的语句出现错误时的控制方式

 更新时间:2018年12月27日 08:58:13   作者:liumiaocn  
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多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误,后续会不会直接执行,如何进行设定,以及其他数据库诸如Mysql是如何对应的,这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境,详细可参看:

多行语句的正常执行

对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表,正常添加三条数据,详细如下:

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
> desc student
> select * from student;
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
> commit;
> select * from student;
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
Commit complete.
SQL> 
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1002 liumiao
   1003 michael
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#

多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作

问题:

三行insert语句,如果中间的一行出错,缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去?

我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复,然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > >    
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
2 rows deleted.
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
# 

结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的,在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢?

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很简单,在oracle中通过WHENEVER SQLERROR来进行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行设定,即会在失败的时候立即推出,接下来我们进行确认:

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
2 rows deleted.
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
# 

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE则和缺省方式下的行为一致,出错仍然继续执行

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
1 row deleted.
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
SQL> 
Commit complete.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#

Mysql中类似的机制

mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中,最终引入了Oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议,详细请参看:

所以目前这只是一个sqlplus端的强化功能,并非标准,不同数据库需要确认相应的功能是否存在。

小结

Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR进行出错控制是否继续,本文给出的例子非常简单,详细功能的使用可根据文中列出的Usage进行自行验证和探索。

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对脚本之家的支持。如果你想了解更多相关内容请查看下面相关链接

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