史上最为详细的javascript继承（推荐）

 // SuperType 构造函数称为超类
 function SuperType (){
   this.name='super';
   this.friend=[];
   this.property = true; 
}
SuperType.prototype.getName=function(){
  return this.name;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function(){
 return this.property;
}; 
// SubType 构造函数称为子类
function SubType(name,age){
  this.name=name;
  this.age=age;
  this.subproperty = false; 
}
SubType.prototype=new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.constrcutor=SubType;
SubType.prototype.getAge=function(){
  return this.age;
}
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){
 return this.subproperty;
}; 
var child = new SubType('shiny',12);
console.log(child.getName)//shiny
console.log(child.getAge())//12

// 把父类当中一个函数使用
function SuperType(name){
this.name=name
this.friend=['a','b']
}
SuperType.prototype.getFriend=function(){
 return this.firend
}
function SubType(name){
 // 执行父类函数
 SuperType.call(this,name);
}
var child = new SubType('shiny')
var childRed = new SubType('red')
console.log(child.name)//shiny
console.log(childRed.name)//red
child.firend.push('c')
console.log(child.friend)//a,b,c
console.log(childRed.friend)//a,b
console.log(childRed.getFriend)//undefined

function SuperType(name){
  this.name=name;
  this.firend=['a','b']
}
SuperType.prototype.getName=function(){
  return this.name
}
function SubType(name,age){
  this.age=age;
  SuperType.call(this,name)
}
SubType.prototype=new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.constrcutor = SubType;
SubType.prototype.getAge=function(){
  return this.age
}
var childShiny=new SubType('shiny',23);
var childRed = new SubType('red',22);
childShiny.firend.push('c');
childRed.firend.push('d');
console.log(childShiny.getName());
console.log(childShiny.getAge());
console.log(childRed.getName());
console.log(childRed.getAge());
console.log(childRed.friend);//[a,b,d]
console.log(childShiny.friend);//[a,b,c]

1 function object(o){
 function F(){};
 F.prototype=o;
  return new F()
}
var person = {
name: "Nicholas",
friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};
var personShiny = object(person);
var personRed = object(person);
console.log(personShiny.name)//Nicholas
console.log(personRed.name)//Nicholas
personShiny.friends.push('red');
personRed.friends.push('shiny');
console.log(personShiny.friends)//["Shelby", "Court", "Van","red","shiny"]
//ECMAScript 5 通过新增 Object.create()方法规范化了原型式继承。这个方法接收两个参数：一
//个用作新对象原型的对象和（可选的）一个为新对象定义额外属性的对象。在传入一个参数的情况下，
//Object.create()与 object()方法的行为相同。
2 
var person = {
name: "Nicholas",
friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
};
var personShiny = Object.create(person);
var personRed = Object.create(person);
console.log(personShiny.name)//Nicholas
console.log(personRed.name)//Nicholas
personShiny.friends.push('red');
personRed.friends.push('shiny');
console.log(personShiny.friends)//["Shelby", "Court", "Van","red","shiny"]

// 和工厂模式非常类似，创建一个对象，增强一些功能并返回该对象
function createAnother(o){
  var clone = Object(o);
  clone.sayHi=function(){
   console.log('hi')
}
  return clone
}
var person = {
  name:'shiny',
  friends:['a','b']
}
var personShiny = createAnother(person);
console.log(personShiny.sayHi())//Ho

function inheritPrototype({SubType,SuperType}){
   const prototype = Object(SuperType.prototype);
   prototype.constrcutor=SubType;
   SubType.prototype=prototype;
}
function SuperType(name){
  this.name=name;
  this.friends=['a','b']
}
SuperType.prototype.getName=function(){
  return this.name;
}
function SubType(name,age){
  this.age=age;
  SuperType.call(this,name)
}
inheritPrototype({SubType,SuperType});
SubType.prototype.getAge=function(){
  return this.age
}
var SubTypeShiny = new SubType('Shiny',23);
SubTypeShiny .friends.push('c')
var SubTypeRed = new SubType('Red',21);
SubTypeRed .friends.push('d')
console.log(SubTypeShiny.getName())//Shiny
console.log(SubTypeShiny.getAge())//22
console.log(SubTypeShiny.friends)//['a','b','c']
console.log( SubTypeRed.getName())//Red
console.log( SubTypeRed.getAge())//21
console.log( SubTypeRed.friends)//['a','b','d']