java如何写接口给别人调用的示例代码
计算机语言分类有很多,如C、C++、C#、Java、Php、Python等等,她们有各自的特性及擅长的领域,但她们各自又不是全能的。在一个稍微大型一点的项目都会用到多种语言共同完成,那么这些编程语言如何进行通信呢。什么意思呢,就是比如说我Java写的一个方法,其他编程语言要怎么去调用呢?这就是本文要探讨的问题了。
一般来说,方法层面的编程语言通信用的是网络接口形式,只暴露出形参和结果供别人调用。接口一般分为接口定义者和接口调用者,定义者可以规定接收参数的类型及返回形式,而接口定义者则只能完全按照接口定义者规定的参数进行访问。就叫是我们所说的webService(网络服务)。
以前的做法是利用XML作接口格式定义,然后通过Http做通讯和请求,如大名鼎鼎的SOAP,其实现在也是的,只不过现在流行RestFul风格的Rest接口形式,但用的还是XML+HTTP,那这两者有啥区别呢?最大的区别就是SOAP返回的主要是XML格式,有时还需要附带一些辅助文件,而Rest则还可以返回JSON类型的字符串,减少了很多繁乱的XML标签。本文就以Java为例,用她写一个接口,并让其他人去调用,以此来简单展示接口调用是怎么样一个过程。
步骤:
1、本机装有Java JDK运行环境及编程IDE(如Myeclipse)
2、建立一个maven项目,用以下载jar包,项目结构如下:
3 pom.xml文件内容如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>ws</groupId> <artifactId>restful</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>restful-server</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <jersey.version>2.6</jersey.version> <jersey-spring.version>2.23.1</jersey-spring.version> <spring.version>4.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version> <servlet-api-version>3.1.0</servlet-api-version> <logback.version>1.1.1</logback.version> <jcloverslf4j.version>1.7.6</jcloverslf4j.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.ext</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-spring3</artifactId> <version>${jersey-spring.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId> <version>${jersey-spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet-core</artifactId> <version>${jersey-spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId> <version>${jersey.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-media-multipart</artifactId> <version>${jersey.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.ext</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-entity-filtering</artifactId> <version>${jersey.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring4.2 dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${servlet-api-version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- Logback dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${jcloverslf4j.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>restful</finalName> </build> </project>
4 applicationContext.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.kendy.*"></context:component-scan> </beans>
5 web.xml则主要配置采用的容器、日志管理及拦截器,拦截器可以实现到达请求郑涛之前进行身份认证,踢除没有访问资格的请求,而rest项目一般是用Jersey容器。配置如下:(kendy只是我的英文名,你们可以自己定义路径)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:javaee="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>jersey-serlvet</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>javax.ws.rs.Application</param-name> <param-value>com.kendy.filter.RestJaxRsApplication</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>jersey-serlvet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
6 拦截器如下:
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map.Entry; import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException; import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestContext; import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestFilter; import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap; import javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status; import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider; /** * 拦截请求 */ @Provider public class MyFilter implements ContainerRequestFilter { @Override public void filter(ContainerRequestContext context) throws IOException { //打印出所有请求头 MultivaluedMap<String, String> map = context.getHeaders(); for(Entry<String, List<String>> entry : map.entrySet()){ String key = entry.getKey(); List<String> valueList = entry.getValue(); String values = valueList.toString(); System.out.println(key + ":"+values.substring(1,values.length()-1)); }
7 注册Jersey容器所要管理的类
import org.codehaus.jackson.jaxrs.JacksonJsonProvider; import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig; import com.kendy.restful.AccountManager; import com.kendy.restful.AuthorityManager; import com.kendy.restful.CardManager; import com.kendy.restful.DeviceManager; import com.kendy.restful.UserResource; /** * ${DESCRIPTION} */ public class RestJaxRsApplication extends ResourceConfig { /** * Register JAX-RS application components. */ public RestJaxRsApplication() { //服务类所在的包路径 packages("com.kendy.*"); // register application resources this.register(YouClass.class); // register filters this.register(MyFilter.class); //this.register(RequestContextFilter.class); register(JacksonJsonProvider.class); //register(MultiPartFeature.class); } }
8 接口定义(Restful风格)
package com.kendy.restful; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import javax.ws.rs.Consumes; import javax.ws.rs.POST; import javax.ws.rs.Path; import javax.ws.rs.Produces; import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @Path("/CardManager") public class CardManager { private SimpleDateFormat sdf =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); @POST @Path("size") @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) public Map<String,Object> size(){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); //do something here map.put("Size", 1024); return map; } @POST @Path("getDetail") @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) public Map<String,List<Map<String,Object>>> getDetail(){ Map<String,List<Map<String,Object>>> map = new HashMap<>(); //do something here List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<>(); Map<String,Object> subMap = new HashMap<>(); subMap.put("UUID", 10086); subMap.put("CardID", 10081); subMap.put("StartTime", sdf.format(new Date())); subMap.put("EndTime", sdf.format(new Date())); list.add(subMap); map.put("Card", list); return map; } }
9 调用接口,有多种方式,本文用HttpClient
/** * 发送 post请求webService接口 * @param url 访问的接口地址 * @param account 用户名 * @param code 密码 * @param param 查询参数 * @return HttpResponse 该类包含请求方法的态码及返回的数据 */ public static HttpResponse post(String url,String account,String code,Map<String,Object> param) { //创建HttpClient实例及Post方法 HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url); //对用户密码MD5加密 code = getMD5(code); //添加相关请求头,依情况而定 httppost.setHeader("Authorization","WSSE profile=\"UsernameToken\""); httppost.setHeader("X-WSSE","UsernameToken Username=\""+account+"\",PasswordDigest=\""+code+"\""); httppost.addHeader("Content-type","application/json; charset=utf-8"); httppost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json"); httppost.setHeader("Connection","keep-alive"); httppost.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip"); httppost.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,en,*"); httppost.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0"); //传递请求参数 String paramJsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(param); if(param != null) httppost.setEntity(new StringEntity(paramJsonStr, Charset.forName("UTF-8"))); HttpResponse response = null; try { //执行post请求 response = httpclient.execute(httppost); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return response; }
10 返回接口
11 最后通过Map、List和Json工具对返回来的字面量进行各种处理。
/** * 将从接口返回的JSON数据转换为实体集合等待插入数据表 * 实体 IgmAccessControlChannelModel --> IGM_ACCESSCONTROL_CHANNEL * IgmStationDoorModel --> IGM_STATION_DOOR */ @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" }) private Map<String,Object> getDeviceEntityList(String data){ Map<String,Object> totalMap = new HashMap<>(); //把以下三个结果放到totalMap里返回 List<IgmAccessControlChannelModel> accessControlList = new ArrayList<>(); List<IgmStationDoorModel> doorList = new ArrayList<>(); List<String> deviceIds = new ArrayList<>(); IgmAccessControlChannelModel accessControlModel = null; IgmStationDoorModel stationDoorModel = null; Map map = JSON.parseObject(data, Map.class); map = (Map<String,List<Map<String,Object>>>)map; List<Map<String,Object>> deviceList = (List<Map<String, Object>>) map.get("Device"); for(Map<String,Object> deviceMap : deviceList){ String deviceId = (String)(deviceMap.get("DeviceID")+""); Object channels = deviceMap.get("Channels"); List<Map<String,Object>> channelList = (List<Map<String,Object>>)channels; String id = ""; //用于设置igmaccessControlchannel表和igmstationDoor表的stationDoorid //判断该门禁设备ID在本平台是否匹配 boolean isMatched = isDeviceIdMatched(deviceId); if(isMatched){ for(Map<String,Object> chnnelMap : channelList){ accessControlModel = new IgmAccessControlChannelModel(); stationDoorModel = new IgmStationDoorModel(); for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : chnnelMap.entrySet()){ String key = entry.getKey().trim(); String value = ""; if(key.equals("Channel")){ value =(Integer)entry.getValue()+""; }else{ value = (String)entry.getValue(); } switch(key){ case "Channel": accessControlModel.setCommandCode(Integer.parseInt(value)); accessControlModel.setControlChannelName("控制通道"+value); stationDoorModel.setDoorCode(value); break; case "Description": stationDoorModel.setStationDoorName(value); break; default: break; } } id = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); accessControlModel.setAccessControlChannelId(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); accessControlModel.setDeviceId(deviceId); accessControlModel.setStationDoorId(id); stationDoorModel.setStationDoorId(id); stationDoorModel.setDeviceId(deviceId); stationDoorModel.setRemark("指纹门禁"); accessControlList.add(accessControlModel); doorList.add(stationDoorModel); } deviceIds.add(deviceId); }else{ //deviceId不匹配的跳过 } }
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
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