linux中$符号的基础用法总结

[root@azfdbdfsdf230lqdg1ba91 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@azfdbdfsdf230lqdg1ba91 ~]# uname -a
Linux azfdbdfsdf230lqdg1ba91 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 12 22:26:13 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@azfdbdfsdf230lqdg1ba91 ~]#

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# a=1
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $a
1

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo get value of a = $a
get value of a = 1
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo "get value of a = $a"
get value of a = 1

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# a="i am skyler"
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# [ $a == "i am skyler" ]
-bash: [: 参数太多

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# [ "$a" == "i am skyler" ]
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $?
0

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo "get value of a = $abc"
get value of a =
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo "get value of a = ${a}bc"
get value of a = 1bc
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]#

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo "get length of a = ${#a}"
get length of a = 1
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# a=11111
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo "get length of a = ${#a}"
get length of a = 5
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# a=skyler
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo "get length of a = ${#a}"
get length of a = 6
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]#

创建一个test.sh文件并填充代码
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo 'echo $0 $1 $2' > test.sh
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# cat test.sh
echo $0 $1 $2

执行test.sh 并传入变量
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# sh test.sh i am skyler
test.sh i am

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo 'echo $# $0 $1' > test.sh
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# cat test.sh
echo $# $0 $1
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# sh test.sh I am a shuashua
4 test.sh I

test.sh
echo '$@的数组参数格式'
for x in "$@"
do
 echo + $x
done
echo '$*的数组参数格式'
for x in "$*"
do
 echo + $x
done

root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z:~# sh test.sh 1 2 3
$@的数组参数格式
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
$*的数组参数格式
+ 1 2 3

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# ll
总用量 172
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49392 2月 25 2019 hs_err_pid24203.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49425 2月 13 2019 hs_err_pid25726.log
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $?
0
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# ca ff
-bash: ca: 未找到命令
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $?
127

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $[5 + 5]
10

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $-
himBH

解释：himBH每一个字符是一个shell的选项，详情man bash然后搜索 -h -B 等。详情参考：http://kodango.com/explain-shell-default-options

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# cat test.sh &
[1] 362
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $# $0 $1
^C
[1]+ 完成     cat test.sh
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $!
362

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# cd /Users/skyler/project/test
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# ll !$
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# ll /Users/skyler/project/test
362

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# !!
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# ll /Users/skyler/project/test

[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# echo $$
31268
[root@izbp10lqlgy2g31s41bt94z ~]# ps -ef|grep 31268
root  31268 31266 0 08:10 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash