asp.net mvc core管道及拦截器的理解
今天来看一下asp.net core的执行管道。先看下官方说明:
从上图可以抛光,asp.net core的执行顺序是,当收到一个请求后,request请求会先经过已注册的中间件,然后会进入到mvc的拦截器管道:
进入mvc管道后,根据以上顺序执行过滤校正。
OK,根据以上说明下面我们新建一个MVC的演示,将执行方式切换为控台运行:
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddControllersWithViews(config=> { Console.WriteLine("execute C"); //config.Filters.Add(new AsyncAuthorizationFilter()); config.Filters.Add(new AuthorizationFilter()); config.Filters.Add(new ResourceFilter()); //config.Filters.Add(new AsyncResourceFilter()); config.Filters.Add(new ActionFilter()); //config.Filters.Add(new AsyncActionFilter()); config.Filters.Add(new ResultFilter()); //config.Filters.Add(new AsyncResultFilter()); config.Filters.Add(new ExceptionFilter()); //config.Filters.Add(new AsyncExceptionFilter()); Console.WriteLine("execute D"); }); services.AddSession(config=> { Console.WriteLine("execute E"); }); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } else { app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error"); } app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseRouting(); app.UseAuthorization(); app.Use(async (context, next) => { Console.WriteLine("execute F"); await context.Response.WriteAsync("hello world"); Console.WriteLine("execute G"); }); //app.UseSession(); app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => { Console.WriteLine("execute A"); endpoints.MapControllerRoute( name: "default", pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); Console.WriteLine("execute B"); }); }
执行结果:
不多做解释,从从这里我们可以抛光符合官方说明文档。
看完中间件执行顺序,下面我们来了解下mvc拦截器的使用与执行顺序。
根据mvc filter管道执行顺序,我们分别来看下用法:
1)AuthorizationFilter:该拦截器是优先级最高的,当请求进入mvc后,首先会被AuthorizationFilter验证是否有权限访问,无权限则跳出。
同步用法:
public class AuthorizationFilter: IAuthorizationFilter { public void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationFilterContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync("authorization filter \r"); } }
异步用法:
public class AsyncAuthorizationFilter: IAsyncAuthorizationFilter { public async Task OnAuthorizationAsync(AuthorizationFilterContext context) { await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"async authorization filter in \r"); } }
2)ResourceFilter:该拦截器是作为第二道拦截器,
OnResourceExecuting在模型绑定之前运行代码。OnResourceExecuted在管道的其余阶段完成之后运行代码。
同步用法:
public class ResourceFilter: IResourceFilter { public void OnResourceExecuting(ResourceExecutingContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"resource executing\r"); } public void OnResourceExecuted(ResourceExecutedContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"resource executed \r"); } }
异步用法:
public class AsyncResourceFilter: IAsyncResourceFilter { public async Task OnResourceExecutionAsync(ResourceExecutingContext context, ResourceExecutionDelegate next) { await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($" async resource filter in. \r\n"); await next(); await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"async resource filter out. \r\n"); } }
3)ActionFilter:在调用操作方法之前和之后立即运行代码;可以更改传递到操作中的参数;可以更改从操作返回的结果。
同步用法:
public class ActionFilter: IActionFilter { public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"action executing \r"); } public void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"action executed . \r"); } }
异步用法:
public async Task OnActionExecutionAsync(ActionExecutingContext context, ActionExecutionDelegate next) { await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"async action execution in. \r\n"); await next(); await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"async action execution out. \r\n"); }
4)OnException:在向响应正文写入任何内容之前,对声明处理的异常应用变量策略。
同步用法:
public class ExceptionFilter: IExceptionFilter { public void OnException(ExceptionContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"exception \r"); } }
异步用法:
public class AsyncExceptionFilter: IAsyncExceptionFilter { public Task OnExceptionAsync(ExceptionContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"exception async \r"); return Task.CompletedTask; } }
5)ResultFilter:在执行操作结果之前和之后立即运行代码;仅当操作方法成功执行时,其才会运行。 可以设置格式化返回结果:
同步操作:
public class ResultFilter: IResultFilter { public void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"result executing\r"); } public void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"result executed \r"); } }
异步用法:
public class AsyncResultFilter: IAsyncResultFilter { public async Task OnResultExecutionAsync(ResultExecutingContext context, ResultExecutionDelegate next) { await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"result execution async in \r"); await next(); await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync($"result execution async out. \r"); } }
注册方式我们就是用分区注册,已经在上面说明,不再多做表述,下面我们看下运行情况(页面输出):
定义一个异常看下结果:
public IActionResult Privacy() { throw new Exception("error"); }
ok,目标达成,不多说了,下次再看拦截器具体实现。
参考文档:ASP.NET Core 中的筛选器
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