Git科普文,Git基本原理及各种骚操作(推荐)

# 在当前目录新建一个git仓库
git init

# 打开git仓库图形界面
gitk

# 显示所有变更信息
git status

# 删除所有Untracked files
git clean -fd

# 下载远程仓库的所有更新
git fetch remote

# 下载远程仓库的所有更新，并且Merge
git pull romote branch-name


# 查看上次commit id
git rev-parse HEAD 

# 将指定分支合并到当前分支
git merge branch-name

# 将最近的一次commit打包到patch文件中
git format-patch HEAD^ 

# 将patch文件 添加到本地仓库
git am patch-file

# 查看指定文件修改历史
git blame file-name

# 将远程git仓库克隆到本地
git clone url

# 将远程git仓库克隆到本地
git clone -b branch url 

# 将修改过，未add到Staging区的文件，暂时存储起来
git stash

# 恢复之前stash存储的内容
git stash apply

# 保存stash 并写message
git stash save "stash test"

# 查看stash了哪些存储
git stash list

# 将stash@{1}存储的内容还原到工作区
git stash apply stash@{1}

# 删除stash@{1}存储的内容
git stash drop stash@{1}

# 删除所有缓存的stash
git stash clear

# 配置git图形界面编码为utf-8
git config --global gui.encoding=utf-8 

# 设置全局提交代码的用户名 
git config --global user.name name 
# 设置全局提交代码时的邮箱
git config --global user.email email
# 设置当前项目提交代码的用户名 
git config user.name name 

# 显示所有远程仓库
git remote -v 

# 增加一个新的远程仓库
git remote add name url 

# 删除指定远程仓库
git remote remove name

# 获取指定远程仓库的详细信息
git remote show origin

# 添加所有的修改到Staging区
git add .
git add --all 

# 添加指定文件到Staging区
git add file 

# 添加多个修改的文件到Staging区
git add file1 file2 

# 添加修改的目录到Staging区
git add dir

# 添加所有src目录下main开头的所有文件到Staging区 
git add src/main* 

# 提交Staging区的代码到本地仓库区
git commit -m "message" 

# 提交Staging中在指定文件到本地仓库区
git commit file1 file2 -m "message" 

# 使用新的一次commit，来覆盖上一次commit
git commit --amend -m "message" 

# 修改上次提交的用户名和邮箱
git commit --amend --author="name <email>" --no-edit

# 列出本地所有分支
git branch 

# 列出本地所有分支 并显示最后一次提交的哈希值
git branch -v

# 在-v 的基础上 并且显示上游分支的名字
git branch -vv

# 列出上游所有分支
git branch -r 

# 新建一个分支，但依然停留在当前分支
git branch branch-name 

# 删除分支
git branch -d branch-name 

# 设置分支上游
git branch --set-upstream-to origin/master

# 本地分支重命名
git branch -m old-branch new-branch

# 创建本地分支并关联远程分支
git checkout -b local-branch origin/remote-branch

# 新建一个分支，且切换到新分支
git checkout -b branch-name

# 切换到另一个分支
git checkout branch-name 

# 撤销工作区文件的修改，跟上次Commit一样
git checkout commit-file 

# 创建带有说明的标签
git tag -a v1.4 -m 'my version 1.4'

# 打标签
git tag tag-name

# 查看所有标签
git tag 

# 给指定commit打标签
git tag tag-name commit-id

# 删除标签
git tag -d tag-name 

# 删除远程分支
git push origin :master 

# 删除远程标签
git push origin --delete tag tag-name

# 上传本地仓库到远程分支
git push remote branch-name

# 强行推送当前分支到远程分支
git push remote branch-name --force

# 推送所有分支到远程仓库
git push remote --all 

# 推送所有标签
git push --tags

# 推送指定标签
git push origin tag-name

# 删除远程标签（需要先删除本地标签）
git push origin :refs/tags/tag-name 

# 将本地dev分支push到远程master分支
git push origin dev:master

# 将未commit的文件移出Staging区
git reset HEAD

# 重置Staging区与上次commit的一样
git reset --hard 

# 重置Commit代码和远程分支代码一样
git reset --hard origin/master

# 回退到上个commit
git reset --hard HEAD^

# 回退到前3次提交之前，以此类推，回退到n次提交之前
git reset --hard HEAD~3

回退到指定commit
git reset --hard commit-id 

# 查看文件在工作区和暂存区区别
git diff file-name

# 查看暂存区和本地仓库区别
git diff --cached file-name

# 查看文件和另一个分支的区别
git diff branch-name file-name

# 查看两次提交的区别
git diff commit-id commit-id 

# 查看指定标签的提交信息
git show tag-name

# 查看具体的某次改动
git show commit-id 

# 指定文件夹 log
git log --pretty=format:"%h %cn %s %cd" --author="iisheng\|胜哥" --date=short src
# 查看指定用户指定format 提交
 git log --pretty=format:"%h %cn %s %cd" --author=iisheng --date=short 

# 查看该文件的改动历史
git log --pretty=oneline file

# 图形化查看历史提交
git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit

# 统计仓库提交排名前5
git log --pretty='%aN' | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1 -n -r | head -n 5

# 查看指定用户添加代码行数，和删除代码行数
git log --author="iisheng" --pretty=tformat: --numstat | awk '{ add += $1 ; subs += $2 } END { printf "added lines: %s removed lines : %s \n",add,subs }'

# 将指定分支合并到当前分支
git rebase branch-name

# 执行commit id 将rebase 停留在指定commit 处
git rebase -i commit-id

# 执行commit id 将rebase 停留在 项目首次commit处
git rebase -i --root

# 恢复第一次add 的文件，同 git rm --cached
git restore --staged file

# 移除staging区的文件，同 git checkout
git restore file

# 撤销前一次commit
git revert HEAD

# 撤销前前一次commit
git revert HEAD^

# 撤销指定某次commit
git revert commit-id

if [ -f $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion ]; then
 . $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion
 fi

git stash

git stash apply

git cherry-pick 指定commit-id

git reset --hard

git reset --hard origin/master

git reset --hard HEAD^

git reset --hard HEAD~2

git push origin develop --force

#!/bin/sh

git filter-branch --env-filter '

OLD_EMAIL="your-old-email@example.com"
CORRECT_NAME="Your Correct Name"
CORRECT_EMAIL="your-correct-email@example.com"

if [ "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "$OLD_EMAIL" ]
then
export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="$CORRECT_NAME"
export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="$CORRECT_EMAIL"
fi
if [ "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "$OLD_EMAIL" ]
then
export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="$CORRECT_NAME"
export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$CORRECT_EMAIL"
fi
' --tag-name-filter cat -- --branches --tags

git push --force --tags origin 'refs/heads/*'

git filter-branch --force --index-filter \
 "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch FILE-PATH-AND-NAME" \
 --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all

git push origin --force --all

git push origin --force --tags

# github
Host github.com
Port 22
HostName github.com
PreferredAuthentications publickey
AddKeysToAgent yes
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa
UseKeychain yes
User iisheng

# gitlab
Host gitlab.iisheng.cn
Port 22
HostName gitlab.iisheng.cn
PreferredAuthentications publickey
AddKeysToAgent yes
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/gitlab_id_rsa
UseKeychain yes
User iisheng

# 切换当前分支到feature
git checkout feature

# 将当前分支代码变基为基于master
git rebase master

git fsck --lost-found

$ git merge dev 
Auto-merging 111.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in 111.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

$ git status 
On branch master
You have unmerged paths.
 (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
 (use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)

Unmerged paths:
 (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified: 111.txt

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

<<<<<<< HEAD
111aaa
=======
111b
>>>>>>> dev

111aaa

$ git status 
On branch master
All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
 (use "git commit" to conclude merge)

Merge branch 'dev'
 
# Conflicts:
#  111.txt
#
# It looks like you may be committing a merge.
# If this is not correct, please remove the file
#  .git/MERGE_HEAD
# and try again.


# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
#
# On branch master
# All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
#

$ find .git/objects
.git/objects
.git/objects/pack
.git/objects/info

$ find .git/objects
.git/objects
.git/objects/5f
.git/objects/5f/2f16bfff90e6620509c0cf442e7a3586dad8fb
.git/objects/pack
.git/objects/info

$ git cat-file -p 5f2f16bfff90e6620509c0cf442e7a3586dad8fb
1111

$ git write-tree
b716c7b049ccd9048b0566a57cfd516c17c1e39f

$ git cat-file -p b716c7b049ccd9048b0566a57cfd516c17c1e39f
100644 blob 5f2f16bfff90e6620509c0cf442e7a3586dad8fb	111.txt

$ git log --oneline 
5281f7e (HEAD -> master) first commit

$ git cat-file -p 5281f7e
tree b716c7b049ccd9048b0566a57cfd516c17c1e39f
author iisheng <***@gmail.com> 1596073568 +0800
committer iisheng <***@gmail.com> 1596073568 +0800

first commit