MySQL如何优雅的备份账号相关信息
更新时间：2020年08月28日 11:16:24 作者：MySQL技术
这篇文章主要介绍了MySQL如何优雅的备份账号相关信息，帮助大家更好的理解和学习MySQL，感兴趣的朋友可以了解下
前言：
最近遇到实例迁移的问题，数据迁完后还需要将数据库用户及权限迁移过去。进行逻辑备份时，我一般习惯将MySQL系统库排除掉，这样备份里面就不包含数据库用户相关信息了。这时候如果想迁移用户相关信息 可以采用以下三种方案，类似的 我们也可以采用以下三种方案来备份数据库账号相关信息。（本文方案针对MySQL5.7版本，其他版本稍有不同）
1.mysqldump逻辑导出用户相关信息
我们知道，数据库用户密码及权限相关信息保存在系统库mysql 里面。采用mysqldump可以将相关表数据导出来 如果有迁移用户的需求 我们可以按照需求在另外的实例中插入这些数据。下面我们来演示下：
#只导出mysql库中的user，db，tables_priv表数据
#如果你有针队column的赋权 可以再导出columns_priv表数据
#若数据库开启了GTID 导出时最好加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
mysqldump -uroot -proot mysql user db tables_priv -t --skip-extended-insert > /tmp/user_info.sql
#导出的具体信息
--
-- Dumping data for table `user`
--
LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','root','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B','N','2019-03-06 03:03:15',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.session','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_na
tive_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native
_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29','N','2019-04-19 06:24:54',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','read','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736','N','2019-04-19 06:27:45',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test_user','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_passwor
d','*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17','N','2019-04-19 06:29:38',NULL,'N');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
--
-- Dumping data for table `db`
--
LOCK TABLES `db` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','performance_schema','mysql.session','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N');
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y');
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('%','test_db','test','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N','N','N','Y','N','N','Y','Y','N','N','Y','N','N');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
--
-- Dumping data for table `tables_priv`
--
LOCK TABLES `tables_priv` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','mysql','mysql.session','user','boot@connecting host','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select','');
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','sys_config','root@localhost','2019-03-06 02:57:40','Select','');
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('%','test_db','test_user','t1','root@localhost','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select,Insert,Update,Delete','');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
#在新的实例插入所需数据 就可以创建出相同的用户及权限了
2.自定义脚本导出
首先拼接出创建用户的语句：
SELECT CONCAT( 'create user \'', user, '\'@\'', Host, '\'' ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'', authentication_string, '\';' ) AS CreateUserQuery FROM mysql.`user` WHERE `User` NOT IN ( 'mysql.session', 'mysql.sys' ); #结果 在新实例执行后可以创建出相同密码的用户 mysql> SELECT -> CONCAT( -> 'create user \'', -> user, -> '\'@\'', -> Host, -> '\'' -> ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'', -> authentication_string, -> '\';' -> ) AS CreateUserQuery -> FROM -> mysql.`user` -> WHERE -> `User` NOT IN ( -> 'mysql.session', -> 'mysql.sys' -> ); +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | CreateUserQuery | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B'; | | create user 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29'; | | create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736'; | | create user 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17'; | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
然后通过脚本导出用户权限：
#导出权限脚本
#!/bin/bash
#Function export user privileges
pwd=root
expgrants()
{
mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \
mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} $@ | \
sed 's/\(GRANT .*\)/\1;/;s/^\(Grants for .*\)/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}'
}
expgrants > /tmp/grants.sql
echo "flush privileges;" >> /tmp/grants.sql
#执行脚本后结果
-- Grants for read@%
GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';
-- Grants for root@%
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
-- Grants for test@%
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';
-- Grants for test_user@%
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';
-- Grants for mysql.session@localhost
GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `performance_schema`.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
-- Grants for mysql.sys@localhost
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
3.mysqlpump直接导出用户
mysqlpump是mysqldump的一个衍生，也是MySQL逻辑备份的工具。mysqlpump可用的选项更多，可以直接导出创建用户的语句及赋权的语句。下面我们来演示下：
#exclude-databases排除数据库 --users指定导出用户 exclude-users排除哪些用户 #还可以增加 --add-drop-user 参数 生成drop user语句 #若数据库开启了GTID 导出时必须加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF mysqlpump -uroot -proot --exclude-databases=% --users --exclude-users=mysql.session,mysql.sys > /tmp/user.sql #导出的结果 -- Dump created by MySQL pump utility, version: 5.7.23, linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) -- Dump start time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019 -- Server version: 5.7.23 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE; SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO"; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0; SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE; SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00'; SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT; SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS; SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION; SET NAMES utf8mb4; CREATE USER 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%'; CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%'; CREATE USER 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK; GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%'; SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE; SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT; SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS; SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS; SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS; SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE; -- Dump end time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019 #可以看出 导出结果只包含创建用户及赋权的语句 十分好用 #mysqlpump详细用法可参考： https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlpump.html
总结：
本篇文章介绍了三种导出数据库用户信息的方案，每种方案都给出了脚本并进行演示。同时 这三种方案稍加以封装都可以作为备份数据库用户权限的脚本。可能你还有其他方案，如：pt-show-grants等，欢迎分享出来哦，也欢迎大家收藏或者改造成更适合自己的脚本，说不定什么时候就会用到哦 特别是一个实例有好多用户时，你会发现脚本更好用哈。
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