c#如何使用 XML 文档功能
下面的示例提供对某个已存档类型的基本概述。
示例
// If compiling from the command line, compile with: -doc:YourFileName.xml /// <summary> /// Class level summary documentation goes here. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// Longer comments can be associated with a type or member through /// the remarks tag. /// </remarks> public class TestClass : TestInterface { /// <summary> /// Store for the Name property. /// </summary> private string _name = null; /// <summary> /// The class constructor. /// </summary> public TestClass() { // TODO: Add Constructor Logic here. } /// <summary> /// Name property. /// </summary> /// <value> /// A value tag is used to describe the property value. /// </value> public string Name { get { if (_name == null) { throw new System.Exception("Name is null"); } return _name; } } /// <summary> /// Description for SomeMethod. /// </summary> /// <param name="s"> Parameter description for s goes here.</param> /// <seealso cref="System.String"> /// You can use the cref attribute on any tag to reference a type or member /// and the compiler will check that the reference exists. /// </seealso> public void SomeMethod(string s) { } /// <summary> /// Some other method. /// </summary> /// <returns> /// Return values are described through the returns tag. /// </returns> /// <seealso cref="SomeMethod(string)"> /// Notice the use of the cref attribute to reference a specific method. /// </seealso> public int SomeOtherMethod() { return 0; } public int InterfaceMethod(int n) { return n * n; } /// <summary> /// The entry point for the application. /// </summary> /// <param name="args"> A list of command line arguments.</param> static int Main(System.String[] args) { // TODO: Add code to start application here. return 0; } } /// <summary> /// Documentation that describes the interface goes here. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// Details about the interface go here. /// </remarks> interface TestInterface { /// <summary> /// Documentation that describes the method goes here. /// </summary> /// <param name="n"> /// Parameter n requires an integer argument. /// </param> /// <returns> /// The method returns an integer. /// </returns> int InterfaceMethod(int n); }
该示例生成一个包含以下内容的 .xml 文件。
<?xml version="1.0"?> <doc> <assembly> <name>xmlsample</name> </assembly> <members> <member name="T:TestClass"> <summary> Class level summary documentation goes here. </summary> <remarks> Longer comments can be associated with a type or member through the remarks tag. </remarks> </member> <member name="F:TestClass._name"> <summary> Store for the Name property. </summary> </member> <member name="M:TestClass.#ctor"> <summary> The class constructor. </summary> </member> <member name="P:TestClass.Name"> <summary> Name property. </summary> <value> A value tag is used to describe the property value. </value> </member> <member name="M:TestClass.SomeMethod(System.String)"> <summary> Description for SomeMethod. </summary> <param name="s"> Parameter description for s goes here.</param> <seealso cref="T:System.String"> You can use the cref attribute on any tag to reference a type or member and the compiler will check that the reference exists. </seealso> </member> <member name="M:TestClass.SomeOtherMethod"> <summary> Some other method. </summary> <returns> Return values are described through the returns tag. </returns> <seealso cref="M:TestClass.SomeMethod(System.String)"> Notice the use of the cref attribute to reference a specific method. </seealso> </member> <member name="M:TestClass.Main(System.String[])"> <summary> The entry point for the application. </summary> <param name="args"> A list of command line arguments.</param> </member> <member name="T:TestInterface"> <summary> Documentation that describes the interface goes here. </summary> <remarks> Details about the interface go here. </remarks> </member> <member name="M:TestInterface.InterfaceMethod(System.Int32)"> <summary> Documentation that describes the method goes here. </summary> <param name="n"> Parameter n requires an integer argument. </param> <returns> The method returns an integer. </returns> </member> </members> </doc>
编译代码
若要编译该示例,请输入以下命令:
csc XMLsample.cs /doc:XMLsample.xml
此命令创建 XML 文件 XMLsample.xml,可在浏览器中或使用 TYPE 命令查看该文件。
可靠编程
XML 文档以 /// 开头。 创建新项目时,向导会放置一些以 /// 开头的行。 处理这些注释时存在一些限制:
1.文档必须是格式正确的 XML。 如果 XML 格式不正确,则会生成警告,并且文档文件将包含一条注释,指出遇到错误。
2.开发人员可以随意创建自己的标记集。 有一组推荐的标记。 部分建议标记具有特殊含义:
- <param> 标记用于描述参数。 如果已使用,编译器会验证该参数是否存在,以及文档是否描述了所有参数。 如果验证失败,编译器会发出警告。
- cref 属性可以附加到任何标记,以引用代码元素。 编译器验证此代码元素是否存在。 如果验证失败,编译器会发出警告。 编译器在查找 cref 属性中描述的类型时会考虑所有 using 语句。
- <summary> 标记由 Visual Studio 中的 IntelliSense 用于显示有关某个类型或成员的附加信息。
备注
XML 文件不提供有关该类型和成员的完整信息(例如,它不包含任何类型信息)。 若要获取有关类型或成员的完整信息,请将文档文件与对实际类型或成员的反射一起使用。
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