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详解Angular路由动画及高阶动画函数

 更新时间：2021年05月21日 15:07:20   作者：starof  
本文主要讲解了Angular的路由动画和高阶动画函数，对此感兴趣的同学，可以把代码亲自实验一下，理解其原理。

一、路由动画

路由动画需要在host元数据中指定触发器。动画注意不要过多，否则适得其反。

内容优先，引导用户去注意到某个内容。动画只是辅助手段。

在router.animate.ts中定义一个进场动画，一个离场动画。

因为进场动画和离场动画用的特别频繁，有一个别名叫:enter和:leave。

import { trigger, state, transition, style, animate} from '@angular/animations';

export const slideToRight = trigger('routeAnim',[
    state('void',style({'position':'fixed','width':'100%','height':'100%'})),
    state('*',style({'position':'fixed','width':'100%','height':'80%'})),
    transition('void => *',[
        style({transform:'translateX(-100%)'}),
        animate('.5s ease-in-out', style({transform:'translateX(0)'}))
    ]),
    transition('* => void',[
        style({transform:'translateX(0)'}),
        animate('.5s ease-in-out', style({transform:'translateX(100%)'}))
    ]),
]);

在project-list中使用路由动画。

import { Component, OnInit , HostBinding } from "@angular/core";
import { MatDialog } from "@angular/material";
import { NewProjectComponent } from "../new-project/new-project.component";
import { InviteComponent } from '../invite/invite.component';
import { ConfirmDialogComponent } from '../../shared/confirm-dialog/confirm-dialog.component';
import {slideToRight} from '../../animate/router.animate'

@Component({
  selector: "app-project-list",
  templateUrl: "./project-list.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./project-list.component.scss"],
  animations:[
    slideToRight
  ]
})
export class ProjectListComponent implements OnInit {
  @HostBinding('@routeAnim') state;

  projects = [
    {
      name: "企业协作平台",
      desc: "这是一个企业内部项目",
      coverImg: "assets/images/covers/0.jpg"
    },
    {
      name: "自动化测试项目",
      desc: "这是一个企业内部项目",
      coverImg: "assets/images/covers/2.jpg"
    }
  ];
  constructor(private dialog: MatDialog) { }

  ngOnInit() { }

  openNewProjectDialog() {
    // this.dialog.open(NewProjectComponent,{data:'this is a dialog'});
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewProjectComponent, {
      data: { title: '新建项目' }
    });
    dialogRef.afterClosed().subscribe((result) => {
      console.log(result);
    });
  }

  lauchInviteDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(InviteComponent);
  }

  lauchUpdateDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewProjectComponent, {
      data: { title: '编辑项目' }
    });
  }

  lauchConfimDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(ConfirmDialogComponent, {
      data: { title: '编辑项目', content: '您确认删除该项目吗？' }
    });
  }
}

在task-home中使用路由动画。

import { Component, OnInit , HostBinding } from "@angular/core";
import { NewTaskComponent } from "../new-task/new-task.component";
import { MatDialog } from "@angular/material";
import { CopyTaskComponent } from "../copy-task/copy-task.component";
import { ConfirmDialogComponent } from "../../shared/confirm-dialog/confirm-dialog.component";
import { NewTaskListComponent } from "../new-task-list/new-task-list.component";
import {slideToRight} from '../../animate/router.animate';

@Component({
  selector: "app-task-home",
  templateUrl: "./task-home.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./task-home.component.scss"],
  animations:[
    slideToRight
  ]
})
export class TaskHomeComponent implements OnInit {
  constructor(private dialog: MatDialog) {}

  @HostBinding('@routeAnim') state;
  ngOnInit() {}

  launchNewTaskDialog() {
    // this.dialog.open(NewTaskComponent);
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewTaskComponent, {
      data: { title: "新建任务" }
    });
  }
  lauchCopyTaskDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(CopyTaskComponent, {
      data: { lists: this.lists }
    });
  }

  launchUpdateTaskDialog(task) {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewTaskComponent, {
      data: { title: "修改任务", task: task }
    });
  }

  launchConfirmDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(ConfirmDialogComponent, {
      data: { title: "删除任务列表", content: "您确定要删除该任务列表吗？" }
    });
  }

  launchEditListDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewTaskListComponent, {
      data: { title: "更改列表名称" }
    });
    dialogRef.afterClosed().subscribe(result => console.log(result));
  }
  launchNewListDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewTaskListComponent, {
      data: { title: "新建列表名称" }
    });
    dialogRef.afterClosed().subscribe(result => console.log(result));
  }
  lists = [
    {
      id: 1,
      name: "待办",
      tasks: [
        {
          id: 1,
          desc: "任务一： 去星巴克买咖啡",
          completed: true,
          priority: 3,
          owner: {
            id: 1,
            name: "张三",
            avatar: "avatars:svg-11"
          },
          dueDate: new Date(),
          reminder: new Date()
        },
        {
          id: 2,
          desc: "任务一： 完成老板布置的PPT作业",
          completed: false,
          priority: 2,
          owner: {
            id: 2,
            name: "李四",
            avatar: "avatars:svg-12"
          },
          dueDate: new Date()
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      id: 2,
      name: "进行中",
      tasks: [
        {
          id: 1,
          desc: "任务三： 项目代码评审",
          completed: false,
          priority: 1,
          owner: {
            id: 1,
            name: "王五",
            avatar: "avatars:svg-13"
          },
          dueDate: new Date()
        },
        {
          id: 2,
          desc: "任务一： 制定项目计划",
          completed: false,
          priority: 2,
          owner: {
            id: 2,
            name: "李四",
            avatar: "avatars:svg-12"
          },
          dueDate: new Date()
        }
      ]
    }
  ];
}

定义路由

<mat-list-item [routerLink]="['/project']"> 
    <mat-icon mat-list-icon svgIcon="projects"></mat-icon>
    <h4 mat-line>项目首页</h4>
    <p mat-line mat-subheader> 查看您的所有项目</p>
  </mat-list-item>
  <mat-list-item [routerLink]="['/task']"> 
    <mat-icon mat-list-icon svgIcon="projects"></mat-icon>
    <h4 mat-line>任务首页</h4>
    <p mat-line mat-subheader> 查看您的所有项目</p>
  </mat-list-item>

注意：一定要用HostBinding形式。

二、Group

用于同时进行一组动画变换

group([animate(...),animate(...)...])接收一个数组，数组里写多个动画。

import { trigger, state, transition, style, animate, group} from '@angular/animations';

export const slideToRight = trigger('routeAnim',[
    state('void',style({'position':'fixed','width':'100%','height':'80%'})),
    state('*',style({'position':'fixed','width':'100%','height':'80%'})),
    transition(':enter',[
        style({transform:'translateX(-100%)',opacity:'0'}),
        group([
            animate('.5s ease-in-out', style({transform:'translateX(0)'})),
            animate('.3s ease-in', style({opacity:1}))
        ])
    ]),
    transition(':leave',[
        style({transform:'translateX(0)',opacity:'1'}),
        group([
            animate('.5s ease-in-out', style({transform:'translateX(100%)'})),
            animate('.3s ease-in', style({opacity:0}))
        ])
    ]),
]);

三、Query & Stagger

Query用于父节点寻找子节点，把动画应用到选中元素。非常强大。

Stagger指定有多个满足Query的元素，每个的动画之间有间隔。

做一个示例：新建的时候同时新建2个项目，两个新建出的项目的动画依次产生，第一个完成后才开始第二个。

建立list.animate.ts

进场动画，先隐藏起来，通过stagger间隔1000s做一个1s的动画。

import { trigger, state, transition, style, animate, query, animation,stagger} from '@angular/animations';

export const listAnimation = trigger('listAnim', [
    transition('* => *', [
      query(':enter', style({opacity: 0}), { optional: true }), //加入optional为true,后面的状态动画都是可选的
      query(':enter', stagger(1000, [
        animate('1s', style({opacity: 1}))
      ]), { optional: true }),
      query(':leave', style({opacity: 1}), { optional: true }),
      query(':leave', stagger(1000, [
        animate('1s', style({opacity: 0}))
      ]), { optional: true })
    ])
  ]);

在project_list中使用

应用query动画一般都是跟*ngFor在一起的，需要外面套一层div。

<div class="container" [@listAnim]="projects.length">
  <app-project-item *ngFor="let project of projects" [item]="project"
  class="card"
  (onInvite)="lauchInviteDialog()"
  (onEdit)="lauchUpdateDialog()"
  (onDelete)="lauchConfimDialog(project)">
  </app-project-item>
</div>
<button class="ab-buttonmad-fab fab-button" mat-fab type="button" (click)="openNewProjectDialog()">
  <mat-icon>add</mat-icon>
</button>

修改对应的css

// :host{
//     display: flex;
//     flex-direction: row;
//     flex-wrap: wrap;
// }

//把host改为div
.container{
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

修改一下component

import { Component, OnInit , HostBinding } from "@angular/core";
import { MatDialog } from "@angular/material";
import { NewProjectComponent } from "../new-project/new-project.component";
import { InviteComponent } from '../invite/invite.component';
import { ConfirmDialogComponent } from '../../shared/confirm-dialog/confirm-dialog.component';
import {slideToRight} from '../../animate/router.animate'
import { listAnimation } from '../../animate/list.animate';
import { projection } from '@angular/core/src/render3';

@Component({
  selector: "app-project-list",
  templateUrl: "./project-list.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./project-list.component.scss"],
  animations:[
    slideToRight,listAnimation  //第一步，导入listAnimation
  ]
})
export class ProjectListComponent implements OnInit {
  @HostBinding('@routeAnim') state;

  //第二步，改造一下数组，加id
  projects = [
    {
      id:1,
      name: "企业协作平台",
      desc: "这是一个企业内部项目",
      coverImg: "assets/images/covers/0.jpg"
    },
    {
      id:2,
      name: "自动化测试项目",
      desc: "这是一个企业内部项目",
      coverImg: "assets/images/covers/2.jpg"
    }
  ];
  constructor(private dialog: MatDialog) { }

  ngOnInit() { }

  //第三步，新增元素时hard code一下
  openNewProjectDialog() {
    // this.dialog.open(NewProjectComponent,{data:'this is a dialog'});
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewProjectComponent, {
      data: { title: '新建项目' }
    });
    dialogRef.afterClosed().subscribe((result) => {
      console.log(result);
      this.projects = [...this.projects, 
        {id:3,name:'一个新项目',desc:'这是一个新项目',coverImg:"assets/images/covers/3.jpg"},
        {id:4,name:'又一个新项目',desc:'这是又一个新项目',coverImg:"assets/images/covers/4.jpg"}]
    });
  }

  lauchInviteDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(InviteComponent);
  }

  lauchUpdateDialog() {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(NewProjectComponent, {
      data: { title: '编辑项目' }
    });
  }

  //第四步，改造一下删除项目
  lauchConfimDialog(project) {
    const dialogRef = this.dialog.open(ConfirmDialogComponent, {
      data: { title: '删除项目', content: '您确认删除该项目吗？' }
    });
    dialogRef.afterClosed().subscribe(result=>{
      console.log(result);
      this.projects=this.projects.filter(p=>p.id!=project.id);
    });
  }
}

Stagger使得在多个元素时候，动画交错开，而不是一起。

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