详解树形DP

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

vector<int> son[10010];
int dp[10010][2];//0不参加，1参加
int v[10010];//记录有没有父节点
int h[10010];//记录快乐指数
int n;

void DFS(int x){
    dp[x][0] = 0;
    dp[x][1] = h[x];
    for (int i = 0; i < son[x].size(); i++)
    {
        int y = son[x][i];
        DP(y);
        dp[x][0] += max(dp[y][0],dp[y][1]);
        dp[x][1] += dp[y][0];
    }
}

int main(){
    cin>>n;
    for (int i = 1; i <=n ; i++)
        scanf("%d",&h[i]);
    for (int i = 1; i <n ; i++)
    {
        int x,y;
        cin>>x>>y;
        v[x] = 1;//x有爸爸
        son[y].push_back(x);//x是y的子节点
    }
    int root;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        if(!v[i]){ //i没有爸爸
            root = i;
            break;
        }
    DFS(root);
    cout << max(dp[root][0],dp[root][1]) << endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#define maxn 1508
using namespace std;

int dp[maxn][2];
int soncnt[maxn];
int parent[maxn];
int n;

void DFS(int x) {
    int i, d1=0, d0=0;
    if (soncnt[x] == 0) {
        dp[x][0] = 0;
        dp[x][1] = 1;
        return;
    }
    for (i=0; i < n; i++) {
        if (parent[i] == x) {
            DFS(i);
            d1 += min(dp[i][0], dp[i][1]);
            d0 += dp[i][1];
        }
    }
    dp[x][1] = d1 + 1;
    dp[x][0] = d0;
}

int main() {
    int dad, son, m;
    while (cin >> n) {
        memset(soncnt, 0, sizeof(soncnt));
        memset(parent, -1, sizeof(parent));
        int root = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            scanf("%d:(%d)", &dad, &m);
            soncnt[dad] = m;
            if (root == -1) {
                root = dad;
            }
            while (m--) {
                scanf("%d", &son);
                parent[son] = dad;
            }
        }
        DFS(root);
        cout << min(dp[root][0], dp[root][1]) << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
 
int n;
int root;
vector<int>G[10000+400];
vector<int>ans;
int sz[10000+400];
 
void dfs(int par,int u){
    sz[u]=1;
    for(int i=0;i<(int)G[u].size();i++){
        if(G[u][i]!=par)
            dfs(u,G[u][i]);
    }
    int piece=0;
    for(int i=0;i<(int)G[u].size();i++)
        if(par!=G[u][i]){
            sz[u]+=sz[G[u][i]];
            piece=max(piece,sz[G[u][i]]);
        }
    piece=max(piece,n-sz[u]);
    if(piece<=n/2)
        ans.push_back(u);
}
 
int main(){
    while(cin>>n){
        memset(sz,0,sizeof(sz));
        int x,y;
        for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++){
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            G[x].push_back(y);
            G[y].push_back(x);
        }
        dfs(0,1);
        sort(ans.begin(),ans.end());
        for(int i=0;i<(int)ans.size();i++)
            cout<<ans[i]<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

fa[u][k + 1] = fa[ fa[u][k] ][k];

int fa[maxn][20], dep[maxn];

void dfs(int u, int f, int d)
{
    dep[u] = d;
    fa[u][0] = f;
    for(int i = 1; i < 20; ++i)
    {
        fa[u][i] = fa[fa[u][i -  1]][i] - 1;
    }
    for(int i = head[u]; ~i; i = nxt[i])
    {
        int t = to[i];
        if(t != f)
        {
            dfs(t, u, d + 1);
        }
    }
}

int lca(int u, int v)
{
    if(dep[u] < dep[v]) swap(u, v);
    int k = dep[u] - dep[v];
    for(int i = 0; i < k; ++i)
    {
        if((1 << i) & k) u = fa[u][i];
    }
    if(u == v) return u;
    for(int i = 19; i >= 0; --i)
    {
        if(fa[u][i] != fa[v][i])
        {
            u = fa[u][i];
            v = fa[v][i];
        }
    }
    return fa[u][0];
}