drf-router和authenticate认证源码分析

# 第一步：导入routers模块
from rest_framework import routers

# 第二步：实例化得到对象
router = routers.SimpleRouter()  

# 第三步：注册( register('前缀', viewset视图集, 路由的别名) )
router.register('books', views.BooksViewset)

# 第四步：生成路由加入到原路由中
# 方式一：
urlpatterns = [
    ...
]
urlpatterns += router.urls

# 方式二:
urlpatterns = [
    ...
    url(r'^', include(router.urls))
]


# 形成路由如下
<URLPattern '^books/$' [name='books-list']>
<URLPattern '^books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$' [name='books-detail']>

# 前两条和SimpleRouter一样
<URLPattern '^books/$' [name='books-list']>
<URLPattern '^books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$' [name='books-detail']>

# 效果也和前两条类似，
# 如：http://127.0.0.1:8000/books.json
<URLPattern '^books\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/?$' [name='books-list']>
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/1.json
<URLPattern '^books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/?$' [name='books-detail']>

# 多了个根路由http://127.0.0.1:8000/
<URLPattern '^$' [name='api-root']>, <URLPattern '^\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/?$' [name='api-root']>

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app01.ser import BooksSerializers
from app01.models import Books


class BooksViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Books.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BooksSerializers

    # 这种方法不会自动生成，需要用action配置
    def get_num(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_queryset()[:int(pk)]
        ser = self.get_serializer(book, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.decorators import action
from app01.ser import BooksSerializers
from app01.models import Books


class BooksViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Books.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BooksSerializers

    @action(methods=['GET', 'POST'], detail=True)
    def get_num(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_queryset()[:int(pk)]	# 获取前几条数据
        ser = self.get_serializer(book, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)
    
    
# 生成路由如下
http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/2/get_num/
<URLPattern '^books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/get_num/$' [name='books-get-num']>

# 全局使用，在setting.py中配置
REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.app_auth.MyAuthentication",]
}

# 局部使用，在视图类上写
authentication_classes=[MyAuthentication]
# 局部禁用
authentication_classes=[]

@property
def user(self):
    # 先去判断当前对象中有没有'_user'这个属性，一开始肯定是没有的，因为用户是没有登录的
    if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
        with wrap_attributeerrors():
            # 没有用户，认证出用户
            self._authenticate()
    # 有用户，直接返回用户
    return self._user

def _authenticate(self):
    
    # 遍历拿到一个认证器，进行认证
    # self.authenticators 配置的一堆认证类产生的认证类对象组成的 list
    # self.authenticators 就是在视图类中配置的：authentication_classes = [认证类1，认证类2] 的一个个认证类的对象：
    
    ————>self.authenticators ==》 [认证类1对象，认证类2对象]
    for authenticator in self.authenticators:
        try:
            
            # 认证器调用认证方法authenticate(认证类对象self，request对象)
            """
            def authenticate(self, request):
        		return (self.force_user, self.force_token)
            """
            # 返回值：登录的用户与认证的信息组成的 tuple
            # 并且该方法被try包裹，就代表该方法会抛异常，抛异常就代表认证失败
            user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self) # self是request对象
        except exceptions.APIException:
            self._not_authenticated()
            raise
		
        # 返回值的处理
        if user_auth_tuple is not None:
            self._authenticator = authenticator
            # 如果有返回值，就将 "登录用户" 与 "登录认证" 分别保存到 request.user / request.auth
            self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
            return
	# 如果返回值user_auth_tuple为空，代表认证通过，但是没有 "登录用户" 与 "登录认证信息"，代表游客
    self._not_authenticated()

# app01_auth.py
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
from app01.models import UserToken


class TokenAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        # 认证逻辑，如果认证通过，返回两个值
        # 如果认证失败，抛出AuthenticationFailed异常
        token = request.data.get('token')
        if token:
            user_token = UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()

            # 认证通过
            if user_token:
                return UserToken.user, token
            else:
                raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('请求地址中需要带token')

# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app01.models import Books, UserInfo, UserToken
from app01.ser import BooksSerializer
from app01.app01_auth import TokenAuthentication
import uuid


# 查看Books需要经过认证才能查看
class BooksView(ModelViewSet):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication]

    queryset = Books.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BooksSerializer


# 登录视图，登录后获得token，后续用token认证
class LoginView(APIView):

    def post(self, request):
        response_msg = {'status': 200, 'msg': ''}
        username = request.data.get('username')
        password = request.data.get('password')
        user_obj = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()

        if user_obj:
            # 登录成功生成一个随机字符串
            token = uuid.uuid4()
            
            # 存到UserToken表中，update_or_create有就更新，没有就新增
            UserToken.objects.update_or_create(defaults={'token': token}, user=user_obj)
            response_msg['msg'] = '登录成功'
            response_msg['token'] = token
        else:
            response_msg['msg'] = '账户或密码错误'
            response_msg['status'] = 204
        return Response(response_msg)