从c++标准库指针萃取器谈一下traits技法(推荐)

//pointer_traits类模板
template<typename _Ptr>
    struct pointer_traits
    {
    private:
	template<typename _Tp>
	using __element_type = typename _Tp::element_type;

      template<typename _Tp>
	using __difference_type = typename _Tp::difference_type;

      template<typename _Tp, typename _Up, typename = void>
	struct __rebind : __replace_first_arg<_Tp, _Up> { };

      //如果__void_t参数里面类型存在则直接使用下面这个结构体，否则使用上面那个
      template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
	struct __rebind<_Tp, _Up, __void_t<typename _Tp::template rebind<_Up>>>
	{ using type = typename _Tp::template rebind<_Up>; };

    public:
      using pointer = _Ptr;
        
      using element_type
	= __detected_or_t<__get_first_arg_t<_Ptr>, __element_type, _Ptr>;

      using difference_type
	= __detected_or_t<ptrdiff_t, __difference_type, _Ptr>;

      template<typename _Up>
        using rebind = typename __rebind<_Ptr, _Up>::type;

      static _Ptr
      pointer_to(__make_not_void<element_type>& __e)
      { return _Ptr::pointer_to(__e); }

      static_assert(!is_same<element_type, __undefined>::value,
	  "pointer type defines element_type or is like SomePointer<T, Args>");
    };

template<typename _Default, template<typename...> class _Op,
	   typename... _Args>
    using __detected_or_t
      = typename __detected_or<_Default, _Op, _Args...>::type;

template<typename _Tp>
    struct pointer_traits<_Tp*>
    {
      typedef _Tp* pointer;   //为特化类型取个别名
      typedef _Tp  element_type;   //为模板类型取别名
      typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type; 

      template<typename _Up>
        using rebind = _Up*;

      static pointer
      pointer_to(__make_not_void<element_type>& __r) noexcept
      { return std::addressof(__r); }
    };

#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <cxxabi.h>

//将gcc编译出来的类型翻译为真实的类型
const char* GetRealType(const char* p_szSingleType)
{
    const char* szRealType = abi::__cxa_demangle(p_szSingleType, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
    return szRealType;
}

int main()
{
	using ptr = typename std::pointer_traits<int*>::template rebind<double>;
	ptr p1;
	const std::type_info &info = typeid(p1);
	std::cout << GetRealType(info.name()) << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <cxxabi.h>
#include <string>

struct test_traits
{
	using element_type = int;
	using difference_type = double;
};

struct test_traits2
{
	using element_type = std::string;
	using difference_type = size_t;
};

const char* GetRealType(const char* p_szSingleType)
{
    const char* szRealType = abi::__cxa_demangle(p_szSingleType, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
    return szRealType;
}

int main()
{
	using type1 = typename std::pointer_traits<test_traits>::element_type;
	using type2 = typename std::pointer_traits<test_traits2>::difference_type;
	const std::type_info &info = typeid(type1);
	std::cout << GetRealType(info.name()) << std::endl;
	const std::type_info &info2 = typeid(type2);
	std::cout << GetRealType(info2.name()) << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <cxxabi.h>

const char* GetRealType(const char* p_szSingleType)
{
    const char* szRealType = abi::__cxa_demangle(p_szSingleType, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
    return szRealType;
}

int main()
{
	using type = typename std::pointer_traits<std::shared_ptr<int>>::element_type;
	const std::type_info &info = typeid(type);
	std::cout << GetRealType(info.name()) << std::endl;
	return 0;
}