原生Javascript实现继承方式及其优缺点详解

//父类
function Person (name, age) {
    this.name = name || 'no name';
    this.age = age || 0;
}

Person.prototype.sayHi = function () {
    console.log('Hi, I\'m ' + this.name + ' and i\'m ' + this.age + ' years old!');
}

var p = new Person('A',20);
p.sayHi();//Hi, I'm A and i'm 20 years old!

//原型继承
function Teacher(){
}

Teacher.prototype=new Person('B',22);
Teacher.prototype.constructor=Teacher;

var t = new Teacher();
t.sayHi();//Hi, I'm B and i'm 22 years old!
console.log(t instanceof Person);//true
console.log(t instanceof Teacher);//true

var t1 = new Teacher();
var t2 = new Teacher();
Teacher.prototype.name = "C";
t1.sayHi();//Hi, I'm C and i'm 22 years old!
t2.sayHi();//Hi, I'm C and i'm 22 years old!

//构造函数继承
function Teacher (name, age) {
    Person.call(this, name, age);
}

var t1 = new Teacher('B', 22);
var t2 = new Teacher('C', 30);
console.log(t1.name);//B
console.log(t2.name);//C
console.log(t1 instanceof Person);//false
console.log(t1 instanceof Teacher);//true
t1.sayHi();//TypeError: t1.sayHi is not a function
t2.sayHi();//TypeError: t1.sayHi is not a function

//组合式继承
function Teacher (name, age) {
    Person.call(this, name, age);
}

Teacher.prototype = new Person();
Teacher.prototype.constructor = Teacher;


var t1 = new Teacher('B', 22);
var t2 = new Teacher('C', 30);
Teacher.prototype.name = "D";
console.log(t1.name);//B
console.log(t2.name);//C
t1.sayHi();//Hi, I'm B and i'm 22 years old!
t2.sayHi();//Hi, I'm C and i'm 30 years old!
console.log(t1 instanceof Person);//true
console.log(t1 instanceof Teacher);//true

//寄生式组合继承
function Teacher (name, age) {
    Person.call(this, name, age);
}

Teacher.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Teacher.prototype.constructor = Teacher;


var t1 = new Teacher('B', 22);
var t2 = new Teacher('C', 30);
Teacher.prototype.name = "D";
console.log(t1.name);//B
console.log(t2.name);//C
t1.sayHi();//Hi, I'm B and i'm 22 years old!  
t2.sayHi();//Hi, I'm C and i'm 30 years old!
console.log(t1 instanceof Person);//true
console.log(t1 instanceof Teacher);//true