浅谈Tomcat如何打破双亲委托机制

public abstract class ClassLoader {

    // 每个类加载器都有个父加载器
    private final ClassLoader parent;
    
    public Class<?> loadClass(String name) {
  
        // 查找该类是否被加载过
        Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
        
        // 若未被加载过
        if( c == null ){
          // 【递归】委托给父加载器加载
          if (parent != null) {
              c = parent.loadClass(name);
          } else {
              // 若父加载器为空，查找Bootstrap加载器是否加载过了
              c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
          }
        }
        // 若父加载器未加载成功，调用自己的findClass去加载
        if (c == null) {
            c = findClass(name);
        }
        
        return c；
    }
    
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name){
       // 1. 根据传入的类名name，到在特定目录下去寻找类文件，把.class文件读入内存
          ...
          
       // 2. 调用defineClass将字节数组转成Class对象
       return defineClass(buf, off, len)；
    }
    
    // 将字节码数组解析成一个Class对象，用native方法实现
    protected final Class<?> defineClass(byte[] b, int off, int len){
       ...
    }
}

public Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
    ...
    
    Class<?> clazz = null;
    try {
            //1. 先在Web应用目录下查找类 
            clazz = findClassInternal(name);
    }  catch (RuntimeException e) {
           throw e;
       }
    
    if (clazz == null) {
    try {
            //2. 如果在本地目录没有找到，交给父加载器去查找
            clazz = super.findClass(name);
    }  catch (RuntimeException e) {
           throw e;
       }
    
    //3. 如果父类也没找到，抛出ClassNotFoundException
    if (clazz == null) {
        throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
     }

    return clazz;
}

public Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {

    synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
 
        Class<?> clazz = null;

        //1. 先在本地cache查找该类是否已经加载过
        clazz = findLoadedClass0(name);
        if (clazz != null) {
            if (resolve)
                resolveClass(clazz);
            return clazz;
        }

        //2. 从系统类加载器的cache中查找是否加载过
        clazz = findLoadedClass(name);
        if (clazz != null) {
            if (resolve)
                resolveClass(clazz);
            return clazz;
        }

        // 3. 尝试用ExtClassLoader类加载器类加载，为什么？
        ClassLoader javaseLoader = getJavaseClassLoader();
        try {
            clazz = javaseLoader.loadClass(name);
            if (clazz != null) {
                if (resolve)
                    resolveClass(clazz);
                return clazz;
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // Ignore
        }

        // 4. 尝试在本地目录搜索class并加载
        try {
            clazz = findClass(name);
            if (clazz != null) {
                if (resolve)
                    resolveClass(clazz);
                return clazz;
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // Ignore
        }

        // 5. 尝试用系统类加载器(也就是AppClassLoader)来加载
            try {
                clazz = Class.forName(name, false, parent);
                if (clazz != null) {
                    if (resolve)
                        resolveClass(clazz);
                    return clazz;
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // Ignore
            }
       }
    
    //6. 上述过程都加载失败，抛出异常
    throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
}