SpringBoot 如何从配置文件读取值到对象中
一、实现方式
@ConfigurationProperties 注解
(最好加上前缀prefix=“person”,标明是和配置文件中哪个开头的属性匹配)
推荐使用用在类上,从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面,复杂的结构也适用例如map,list,对象。支持校验:@Validated
@Valid注解
用在属性上,需要每个属性逐个绑定通过@value注解获取配置文件的值,不适合做复杂类型(map,list ,对象)值得获取不支持@Validated
二、两者区别
三、代码演示
使用@ConfigurationProperties注解
package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面 * 2.通过@value注解获取配置文件的值 */ @Component//perosn 需要纳入spring ioc 容器里 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")//使用前缀标明具体的属性 @Validated public class Person { @Email String email; String hello; String name; int age; boolean boss; Date birth; Map<String,String> maps; List<String> list; Dog dog; @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "email='" + email + '\'' + ", hello='" + hello + '\'' + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", boss=" + boss + ", birth=" + birth + ", maps=" + maps + ", list=" + list + ", dog=" + dog + '}'; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getHello() { return hello; } public void setHello(String hello) { this.hello = hello; } public Dog getDog() { return dog; } public void setDog(Dog dog) { this.dog = dog; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public boolean isBoss() { return boss; } public void setBoss(boolean boss) { this.boss = boss; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } public Map<String, String> getMaps() { return maps; } public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) { this.maps = maps; } public List<String> getList() { return list; } public void setList(List<String> list) { this.list = list; } } package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model; public class Dog { String name; String color; int age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getColor() { return color; } public void setColor(String color) { this.color = color; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Dog{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", color='" + color + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
使用@Value注解
package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; import javax.validation.Valid; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面,推荐使用,复杂的结构也适用例如map,list对象, * 支持 校验@Validated * 2.通过@value注解获取配置文件的值,不适合做复杂类型值得获取,不支持@Validated,支持 */ @Component//perosn 需要纳入spring ioc 容器里 //@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") @Validated public class Person1 { @Email @Value("${person1.email}") String email; @Value("${person1.hello}") String hello; @Value("${person1.name}") String name; @Value("#{12*3}")//支持计算 int age; @Value("${person1.boss}") boolean boss; @Value("${person1.birth}") Date birth; Map<String,String> maps; List<String> list; Dog dog; public String getHello() { return hello; } public void setHello(String hello) { this.hello = hello; } public Dog getDog() { return dog; } public void setDog(Dog dog) { this.dog = dog; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public boolean isBoss() { return boss; } public void setBoss(boolean boss) { this.boss = boss; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } public Map<String, String> getMaps() { return maps; } public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) { this.maps = maps; } public List<String> getList() { return list; } public void setList(List<String> list) { this.list = list; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person1{" + "email='" + email + '\'' + ", hello='" + hello + '\'' + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", boss=" + boss + ", birth=" + birth + ", maps=" + maps + ", list=" + list + ", dog=" + dog + '}'; } }
配置类(application.properties)代码
person.hello=luck person.name=吴 #乱码的话 就setting设置下file encoding person.list=ww,xx,rr person.maps.k1=v1 person.maps.k2=v2 person.dog.name=cat person.dog.color=red person.dog.age=1 person.age=12 person.birth=2019/01/11 person.boss=false person.email=www@qq.com person1.hello=luck person1.name=吴 #乱码的话 就setting设置下file encoding person1.list=ww,xx,rr person1.age=12 person1.birth=2019/01/11 person1.boss=false person1.email=www
配置类(application.yml)代码:这种方式更加结构化
person: name: 霞 age: 16 boss : false birth: 2012/09/12 maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2} list: [dog,cat ,house,rabbits] dog: name: ${person.hello} age: ${random.int(10)} color: white hello: yula
打印结果:使用第一种方式时,如果email不是"www@qq.com"这种格式,是不能运行成功的,但是使用@Value 不会校验,如下面是"www",一样能运行成功
Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}
Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吴', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}
四、@PropertySource 读取指定配置文件
package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面 * 2.通过@value注解获取配置文件的值 */ @PropertySource(value={"classpath:person.properties"})//指定读取person.properties配置文件 @Component//perosn 需要纳入spring ioc 容器里 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")//使用前缀标明具体的属性 @Validated public class Person2 { @Email String email; String hello; String name; int age; boolean boss; Date birth; Map<String,String> maps; List<String> list; Dog dog; @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "email='" + email + '\'' + ", hello='" + hello + '\'' + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", boss=" + boss + ", birth=" + birth + ", maps=" + maps + ", list=" + list + ", dog=" + dog + '}'; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getHello() { return hello; } public void setHello(String hello) { this.hello = hello; } public Dog getDog() { return dog; } public void setDog(Dog dog) { this.dog = dog; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public boolean isBoss() { return boss; } public void setBoss(boolean boss) { this.boss = boss; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } public Map<String, String> getMaps() { return maps; } public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) { this.maps = maps; } public List<String> getList() { return list; } public void setList(List<String> list) { this.list = list; } }
这里虽然指定了读取person.properties配置文件,但是由于prefix=“person”,导致还是读取了application.properties配置文件,因为application.properties权限最高,要想读取person.properties配置文件,就得改前缀名,例如改成prefix=“person2” person.properties配置文件的内容如下:
没改前缀名的结果演示:
Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}
Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吴', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}
Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}
改前缀名的代码演示:
改了前缀名的结果演示:这时候读取的就是指定的配置文件的值
Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}
Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吴', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}
Person{email='12345@qq.com', hello='springboot', name='指定读取配置文件', age=12, boss=false, birth=Wed Sep 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k2=v2, k1=v1}, list=[@Value, @PropertySource], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}
注:只能读取 .properties 文件,无法读取 .yml 文件
五、@ImportResource:导入Spring配置文件
让配置文件里面的内容生效
Springboot 里没有Spring 的配置文件,我们自己编写的配置文件,也不能自动识别;
想让Spring的配置文件生效,加载进来,需使用该注解
写一个Person3 类,如图所示:
自定义一个Spring配置文件,如图所示:
在启动类上注解
测试:自定义的这个配置文件是否生效
演示结果:生效了
2019-09-11 22:15:12.247 INFO 7824 --- [ main] c.w.s.demo.DemoApplicationTests : Started DemoApplicationTests in 8.558 seconds (JVM running for 10.882)
Person{email='null', hello='null', name='null', age=0, boss=false, birth=null, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}
六、思维导图
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
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