quartz时间表达式Cron详解

Seconds (秒)         ：可以用数字0－59 表示，
Minutes(分)          ：可以用数字0－59 表示，
Hours(时)            ：可以用数字0-23表示,
Day-of-Month(天)  　 ：可以用数字1-31 中的任一一个值，但要注意一些特别的月份
Month(月)            ：可以用0-11 或用字符串  “JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV and DEC” 表示
Day-of-Week(每周)　　 ：可以用数字1-7表示（1 ＝ 星期日）或用字符口串“SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI and SAT”表示
　“*”：指定所有的值，比如，Minutes 设置为 *，表示每分钟
  “/”：为特别单位，表示为“每”如“0/15”表示每隔15分钟执行一次,“0”表示为从“0”分开始, “3/20”表示表示每隔20分钟执行一次，“3”表示从第3分钟开始执行
　“?”：表示每月的某一天，或第周的某一天
　“L”：用于每月，或每周，表示为每月的最后一天，或每个月的最后星期几如“6L”表示“每月的最后一个星期五”
　“W”：表示为最近工作日，如“15W”放在每月（day-of-month）字段上表示为“到本月15日最近的工作日”
　“#”：是用来指定“的”每月第n个工作日,例 在每周（day-of-week）这个字段中内容为"6#3" or "FRI#3" 则表示“每月第三个星期五”

 java.lang.RuntimeException: CronExpression '0/2 * * * * * *' is invalid.
 
     at org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.java:111)
     at quartz.QuartzExample.getTrigger(QuartzExample.java:110)
     at quartz.QuartzExample.run(QuartzExample.java:74)
     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
     at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
     at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
     at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
     at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
     at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
     at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
     at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
     at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
     at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
     at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
     at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
 Caused by: java.text.ParseException: Support for specifying both a day-of-week AND a day-of-month parameter is not implemented.
     at org.quartz.CronExpression.buildExpression(CronExpression.java:511)
     at org.quartz.CronExpression.<init>(CronExpression.java:276)
     at org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.java:107)
     ... 25 more
 
 Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:61437', transport: 'socket'
 
 Process finished with exit code -1

protected void buildExpression(String expression) throws ParseException {
        expressionParsed = true;

        try {

            if (seconds == null) {
                seconds = new TreeSet<Integer>();
            }
            if (minutes == null) {
                minutes = new TreeSet<Integer>();
            }
            if (hours == null) {
                hours = new TreeSet<Integer>();
            }
            if (daysOfMonth == null) {
                daysOfMonth = new TreeSet<Integer>();
            }
            if (months == null) {
                months = new TreeSet<Integer>();
            }
            if (daysOfWeek == null) {
                daysOfWeek = new TreeSet<Integer>();
            }
            if (years == null) {
                years = new TreeSet<Integer>();
            }

            int exprOn = SECOND;

            StringTokenizer exprsTok = new StringTokenizer(expression, " \t",
                    false);

            while (exprsTok.hasMoreTokens() && exprOn <= YEAR) {
                String expr = exprsTok.nextToken().trim();

                // throw an exception if L is used with other days of the month
                if(exprOn == DAY_OF_MONTH && expr.indexOf('L') != -1 && expr.length() > 1 && expr.contains(",")) {
                    throw new ParseException("Support for specifying 'L' and 'LW' with other days of the month is not implemented", -1);
                }
                // throw an exception if L is used with other days of the week
                if(exprOn == DAY_OF_WEEK && expr.indexOf('L') != -1 && expr.length() > 1  && expr.contains(",")) {
                    throw new ParseException("Support for specifying 'L' with other days of the week is not implemented", -1);
                }
                if(exprOn == DAY_OF_WEEK && expr.indexOf('#') != -1 && expr.indexOf('#', expr.indexOf('#') +1) != -1) {
                    throw new ParseException("Support for specifying multiple \"nth\" days is not implemented.", -1);
                }
                
                StringTokenizer vTok = new StringTokenizer(expr, ",");
                while (vTok.hasMoreTokens()) {
                    String v = vTok.nextToken();
                    storeExpressionVals(0, v, exprOn);
                }

                exprOn++;
            }

            if (exprOn <= DAY_OF_WEEK) {
                throw new ParseException("Unexpected end of expression.",
                            expression.length());
            }

            if (exprOn <= YEAR) {
                storeExpressionVals(0, "*", YEAR);
            }

            TreeSet<Integer> dow = getSet(DAY_OF_WEEK);
            TreeSet<Integer> dom = getSet(DAY_OF_MONTH);

            // Copying the logic from the UnsupportedOperationException below
            boolean dayOfMSpec = !dom.contains(NO_SPEC);
            boolean dayOfWSpec = !dow.contains(NO_SPEC);

            if (!dayOfMSpec || dayOfWSpec) {
                if (!dayOfWSpec || dayOfMSpec) {
                    throw new ParseException(
                            "Support for specifying both a day-of-week AND a day-of-month parameter is not implemented.", 0);
                }
            }
        } catch (ParseException pe) {
            throw pe;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ParseException("Illegal cron expression format ("
                    + e.toString() + ")", 0);
        }
    }
CronExpression 部分代码

每隔5秒执行一次：*/5 * * * * ?
 每隔1分钟执行一次：0 */1 * * * ?
 每天23点执行一次：0 0 23 * * ?
 每天凌晨1点执行一次：0 0 1 * * ?
 每月1号凌晨1点执行一次：0 0 1 1 * ?
 每月最后一天23点执行一次：0 0 23 L * ?
 每周星期天凌晨1点实行一次：0 0 1 ? * L
 在26分、29分、33分执行一次：0 26,29,33 * * * ?
 每天的0点、13点、18点、21点都执行一次：0 0 0,13,18,21 * * ? 每天的7点到21点都执行一次：0 0 7-21 * * ?