C语言中操作字符串的函数详解

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
//自定义 strlen()函数
size_t mylen(const char* s)
{
	int idx = 0;
	while (s[idx] != '\0') {
		idx++;
	}
	return idx;
}
int main()
{
	char a[] = "Hello";
	printf("mylen=%llu\n", mylen(a));
	printf("strlen=%llu\n", strlen(a));// {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};
	printf("sizeof=%llu\n", sizeof(a));// {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o','\0'};
	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
//自定义 strcmp()函数
int mycmp1(const char* s1, const char* s2)
{
	int idx = 0;
	while (1) {
		if (s1[idx] != s2[idx]) {
			break;
		}
		else if (s1[idx] == '\0') {
			break;
		}
		idx++;
	}
	return s1[idx] - s2[idx];
}
int mycmp2(const char* s1, const char* s2)
{
	int idx = 0;
	while (s1[idx] == s2[idx] && s1[idx] != 0) {
		idx++;
	}
	return s1[idx] - s2[idx];
}
int mycmp3(const char* s1, const char* s2)
{
	int idx = 0;
	while (*s1 == *s2 && *s1 != 0) {
		s1++;
		s2++;
	}
	return *s1 - *s2;
}
int main()
{
	char s1[] = "abc";
	char s2[] = "abc";
	char s3[] = "abc ";
	char s4[] = "bbc";
	char s5[] = "Abc";
	printf("mycmp1=%d\n", mycmp1(s1, s2));
	printf("mycmp2=%d\n", mycmp2(s1, s3));
	printf("mycmp3=%d\n", mycmp3(s1, s4));
	printf("mycmp3=%d\n", mycmp3(s1, s5));
	printf("strlen=%d\n", strcmp(s1, s2));
	printf("strlen=%d\n", strcmp(s1, s3));
	printf("strlen=%d\n", strcmp(s1, s4));
	printf("strlen=%d\n", strcmp(s1, s5));
	return 0;
}

// 复制一个字符串
char* dst = (char*)malloc(strlen(src)+1);
strcpy(dst,src);
// strlen 查 src 大小 +1 (+1 的原因是加上字符串最后的 ‘\0', strlen 读取的长度不包括 ‘\0'), 再 malloc 分配空间给 dst, 这样 dst 的空间正好等于 src, 然后再执行 strcpy 复制操作

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
//自定义 strcpy()函数
char* mycpy1(char* dst, const char* src)
{
	int idx = 0;
	while (src[idx] != '\0') {
		dst[idx] = src[idx];
		idx++;
	}
	dst[idx] = '\0';
	return dst;
}
char* mycpy2(char* dst, const char* src)
{
	char* ret = dst;
	while (*src) {
		*dst++ = *src++;
	}
	*dst = '\0';
	return ret;
}
int main()
{
	char s1[] = "abc";
	char s2[] = "def";
	char s3[] = "ghi";
	char s4[] = "jkl";
	printf("s1=%s\n", s1);
	strcpy(s1, s2);
	printf("s1=%s\n", s1);
	mycpy1(s1, s3);
	printf("s1=%s\n", s1);
	mycpy2(s1, s4);
	printf("s1=%s\n", s1);
	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
	char s1[10] = "abc";
	char s2[] = "def";
	printf("s1=%s\n", s1);
	strcat(s1, s2);
	printf("s1=%s\n", s1);
	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
	char s1[10] = "abcdebcde";
	printf("%p\n", s1);
	printf("%p\n", s1 + 1);
	char* p = strchr(s1, 'b');
	printf("%s\n", p);
	printf("%p\n", p);
	return 0;
}