C#连续任务Task.ContinueWith方法
一、简介
通过任务,可以指定在任务完成之后,应开始运行之后另一个特定任务。ContinueWith是Task根据其自身状况,决定后续应该作何操作。也就是说,在运行完task后,会执行task.continuewith(XX)中的XX语句,但是是否执行、如何执行等需要看task的运行情况。例如:一个使用前一个任务的结果的新任务,如果前一个任务失败了,这个任务就应执行一些清理工作。任务处理程序都不带参数或者带一个对象参数,而任务的连续处理方法都有一个Task类型的参数。
二、案例
案例一:
代码:
static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds) { Console.WriteLine("Frist Task Method : Task {0} is running on a thread id: {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds)); return 60 * seconds; } static void Main(string[] args) { var FirstTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Frist Task", 3)); FirstTask.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Frist Task Result: {0}. Thread id: {1}, Is in Thred Pool: {2}", t.Result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);//線程池線程 FirstTask.Start(); Console.ReadKey(); }
结果:
Start()和ContinueWith()的先后顺序没有关系,ContinueWith()会等待直到firstTask运行状态达到 IsCompleted,因为TaskContinuationOptions中的OnlyOnRanToCompletion.必须指出的是,ContinueWith()中的参数是需要以Task为参数的,也就是firstTask作为参数被传入,而且ContinueWith()运行在线程池中的线程中。我觉得比较重要的一点是:把ContinueWith()中的语句当做一块新的语句块,他们独立于主线程。无论如何,他们都要被判断,如果状态(status)不满足,那么他们不执行;当指定了多个状态,则使用合理的对应状态。
案例二:
代码:
class Program { static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds) { Console.WriteLine("Task Method : Task {0} is running on a thread id: {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds)); return 60 * seconds; } static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Main Thread id {0}, Is in Thred Pool: {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); var firstTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("frist task", 3)); var secondTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("second task", 2)); firstTask.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Result:Frist Thread Result: {0}. Thread id: {1}, Is in Thred Pool: {2}", t.Result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion); firstTask.Start(); secondTask.Start(); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4)); //给予足够时间,让firstTask、secondTask及其后续操作执行完毕。 Task continuation = secondTask.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Result:Second Thread Result: {0}. Thread id: {1}, Is in Thred Pool: {2}", t.Result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion | TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously); Console.ReadLine(); Console.ReadKey(); } }
结果:
这里主线程休眠了足足4秒钟,足以让firstTask和secondTask两个任务完成运行,而后,由于secondTask的后续除了接受OnlyOnRanToCompletion外,还接受ExecuteSynchronously。因此,后续运行中,由于主线程还没有结束,因此 ExecuteSynchronously得到认可,故secondTask的后续是在主线程上运行。
案例三:
代码:
class Program { static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds) { Console.WriteLine("Task Method : Task {0} is running on a thread id: {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}", name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds)); return 60 * seconds; } static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Main Thread id {0}, Is in Thred Pool: {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread); var firstTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("frist task", 3)); var secondTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("second task", 2)); firstTask.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Result:Frist Thread Result: {0}. Thread id: {1}, Is in Thred Pool: {2}", t.Result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion); firstTask.Start(); secondTask.Start(); //Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4)); //给予足够时间,让firstTask、secondTask及其后续操作执行完毕。 Task continuation = secondTask.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Result:Second Thread Result: {0}. Thread id: {1}, Is in Thred Pool: {2}", t.Result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread), TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion | TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously); Console.ReadLine(); Console.ReadKey(); } }
结果:
然而,如果把4秒钟的休眠注释掉,那么由于主线程很早就结束了,因此secondTask只能接受到OnlyOnRanToCompletion,因此还是运行在线程池中。
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