Java中怎样处理空指针异常

private List<String> wrongMethod(FooService fooService, Integer i, String s, String t) {
    log.info("result {} {} {} {}", i + 1, s.equals("OK"), s.equals(t),
            new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>().put(null, null));
    if (fooService.getBarService().bar().equals("OK"))
        log.info("OK");
    return null;
}

@GetMapping("wrong")
public int wrong(@RequestParam(value = "test", defaultValue = "1111") String test) {
    return wrongMethod(test.charAt(0) == '1' ? null : new FooService(),
            test.charAt(1) == '1' ? null : 1,
            test.charAt(2) == '1' ? null : "OK",
            test.charAt(3) == '1' ? null : "OK").size();
}

class FooService {
    @Getter
    private BarService barService;

}

class BarService {
    String bar() {
        return "OK";
    }
}

private List<String> rightMethod(FooService fooService, Integer i, String s, String t) {
    log.info("result {} {} {} {}", Optional.ofNullable(i).orElse(0) + 1, "OK".equals(s), Objects.equals(s, t), new HashMap<String, String>().put(null, null));
    Optional.ofNullable(fooService)
            .map(FooService::getBarService)
            .filter(barService -> "OK".equals(barService.bar()))
            .ifPresent(result -> log.info("OK"));
    return new ArrayList<>();
}

@GetMapping("right")
public int right(@RequestParam(value = "test", defaultValue = "1111") String test) {
    return Optional.ofNullable(rightMethod(test.charAt(0) == '1' ? null : new FooService(),
            test.charAt(1) == '1' ? null : 1,
            test.charAt(2) == '1' ? null : "OK",
            test.charAt(3) == '1' ? null : "OK"))
            .orElse(Collections.emptyList()).size();
}

@PostMapping("right")
public UserEntity right(@RequestBody UserDto user) {
    if (user == null || user.getId() == null)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("用户Id不能为空");

    UserEntity userEntity = userEntityRepository.findById(user.getId())
            .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("用户不存在"));

    if (user.getName() != null) {
        userEntity.setName(user.getName().orElse(""));
    }
    userEntity.setNickname("guest" + userEntity.getName());
    if (user.getAge() != null) {
        userEntity.setAge(user.getAge().orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("年龄不能为空")));
    }
    return userEntityRepository.save(userEntity);
}