Angular自定义指令Tooltip的方法实例

# 进入 directives 文件夹
$ cd directives

# 创建 tooltip 文件夹
$ mkdir tooltip

# 进入 tooltip 文件夹
$ cd tooltip

# 创建 tooltip 组件
$ ng generate component tooltip

# 创建 tooltip 指令
$ ng generate directive tooltip

<div class="caret"></div>
<div class="tooltip-content">{{data.content}}</div>

$black: #000000;
$white: #ffffff;
$caret-size: 6px;
$tooltip-bg: transparentize($black, 0.25); // transparentize 是 sass 的语法
$grid-gutter-width: 30px;
$body-bg-color: $white;
$app-anim-time: 200ms;
$app-anim-curve: ease-out;
$std-border-radius: 5px;
$zindex-max: 100;

// :host 伪类选择器，给组件元素本身设置样式
:host {
  position: fixed;
  padding: $grid-gutter-width/3 $grid-gutter-width/2;
  background-color: $tooltip-bg;
  color: $body-bg-color;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: all $app-anim-time $app-anim-curve;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: $std-border-radius;
  z-index: $zindex-max;
}

.caret { // 脱字符
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-left: 6px solid transparent;
  border-right: 6px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 6px solid $tooltip-bg;
  position: absolute;
  top: -$caret-size;
  left: 50%;
  margin-left: -$caret-size/2;
  border-bottom-color: $tooltip-bg;
}

import { 
  Component, 
  ElementRef, // 元素指向
  HostBinding, 
  OnDestroy, 
  OnInit 
} from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-tooltip', // 标识符，表明我这个组件叫做啥，这里是 app-tooltip
  templateUrl: './tooltip.component.html', // 本组件的骨架
  styleUrls: ['./tooltip.component.scss'] // 本组件的私有样式
})
export class TooltipComponent implements OnInit {

  public data: any; // 在 directive 上赋值
  private displayTimeOut:any;

  // 组件本身 host 绑定相关的装饰器
  @HostBinding('style.top')  hostStyleTop!: string;
  @HostBinding('style.left') hostStyleLeft!: string;
  @HostBinding('style.opacity') hostStyleOpacity!: string;

  constructor(
    private elementRef: ElementRef
  ) { }

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.hostStyleTop = this.data.elementPosition.bottom + 'px';

    if(this.displayTimeOut) {
      clearTimeout(this.displayTimeOut)
    }

    this.displayTimeOut = setTimeout((_: any) => {
      // 这里计算 tooltip 距离左侧的距离，这里计算公式是：tooltip.left + 目标元素的.width - (tooltip.width/2)
      this.hostStyleLeft = this.data.elementPosition.left + this.data.element.clientWidth / 2 - this.elementRef.nativeElement.clientWidth / 2 + 'px'
      this.hostStyleOpacity = '1';
      this.hostStyleTop = this.data.elementPosition.bottom + 10 + 'px'
    }, 500)
  }
  
  
  // 组件销毁
  ngOnDestroy() {
    // 组件销毁后，清除定时器，防止内存泄露
    if(this.displayTimeOut) {
      clearTimeout(this.displayTimeOut)
    }
  }
}

import { 
  ApplicationRef, // 全局性调用检测
  ComponentFactoryResolver, // 创建组件对象
  ComponentRef, // 组件实例的关联和指引，指向 ComponentFactory 创建的元素
  Directive, ElementRef, 
  EmbeddedViewRef, // EmbeddedViewRef 继承于 ViewRef，用于表示模板元素中定义的 UI 元素。
  HostListener, // DOM 事件监听
  Injector, // 依赖注入
  Input 
} from '@angular/core';

import { TooltipComponent } from './tooltip/tooltip.component';

@Directive({
  selector: '[appTooltip]'
})
export class TooltipDirective {
  @Input("appTooltip") appTooltip!: string;

  private componentRef!: ComponentRef<TooltipComponent>;

  // 获取目标元素的相关位置，比如 left, right, top, bottom
  get elementPosition() {
    return this.elementRef.nativeElement.getBoundingClientRect(); 
  }

  constructor(
    protected elementRef: ElementRef,
    protected appRef: ApplicationRef,
    protected componentFactoryResolver: ComponentFactoryResolver,
    protected injector: Injector
  ) { }

  // 创建 tooltip
  protected createTooltip() {
    this.componentRef = this.componentFactoryResolver
      .resolveComponentFactory(TooltipComponent) // 绑定 tooltip 组件
      .create(this.injector);

    this.componentRef.instance.data = { // 绑定 data 数据
      content: this.appTooltip,
      element: this.elementRef.nativeElement,
      elementPosition: this.elementPosition
    }

    this.appRef.attachView(this.componentRef.hostView); // 添加视图
    const domElem = (this.componentRef.hostView as EmbeddedViewRef<any>).rootNodes[0] as HTMLElement;
    document.body.appendChild(domElem);
  }
  
  // 删除 tooltip
  protected destroyTooltip() {
    if(this.componentRef) {
      this.appRef.detachView(this.componentRef.hostView); // 移除视图
      this.componentRef.destroy();
    }
  }
  
  // 监听鼠标移入
  @HostListener('mouseover')
  OnEnter() {
    this.createTooltip();
  }
    
  // 监听鼠标移出
  @HostListener('mouseout')
  OnOut() {
    this.destroyTooltip();
  }
}

<p style="margin-top: 100px;">
  <!-- [appTooltip]="'Hello Jimmy'" 是重点 -->
  <span 
    [appTooltip]="'Hello Jimmy'" 
    style="margin-left: 200px; width: 160px; text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; display: inline-block; border: 1px solid #999;"
  >Jimmy</span>
</p>