Android自定义折线图控件的完整步骤
前言
日前,有一个“折现图”的需求,如下图所示:
概述
如何自定义折线图?首先将折线图的绘制部分拆分成三部分:
- 原点
- X轴
- Y轴
- 折线
原点
第一步,需要定义出“折线图”原点的位置,由图得:
可以发现,原点的位置由X轴、Y轴所占空间决定:
OriginX:Y轴宽度
OriginY:View高度 - X轴高度
计算Y轴宽度
思路:遍历Y轴的绘制文字,用画笔测量其最大宽度,在加上其左右Margin间距即Y轴宽度
Y轴宽度 = Y轴MarginLeft + Y轴最大文字宽度 + Y轴MariginRight
计算X轴高度
思路:获取X轴画笔FontMetrics,根据其top、bottom计算出X轴文字高度,在加上其上下Margin间距即X轴高度
val fontMetrics = xAxisTextPaint.fontMetrics val lineHeight = fontMetrics.bottom - fontMetrics.top xAxisHeight = lineHeight + xAxisOptions.textMarginTop + xAxisOptions.textMarginBottom
X轴
第二步,根据原点位置,绘制X轴轴线、网格线、文本
绘制轴线
绘制轴线比较简单,沿原点向控件右侧画一条直线即可
if (xAxisOptions.isEnableLine) { xAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = xAxisOptions.lineWidth xAxisLinePaint.color = xAxisOptions.lineColor xAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = xAxisOptions.linePathEffect canvas.drawLine(originX, originY, width.toFloat(), originY, xAxisLinePaint) }
X轴刻度间隔
在绘制网格线、文本之前需要先计算X轴的刻度间隔:
这里处理的方式比较随意,直接将X轴等分7份即可(因为需要显示近7天的数据)
xGap = (width - originX) / 7
网格线、文本
网格线:只需要根据X轴的刻度,沿Y轴方向依次向控件顶部,画直线即可
文本:文本需要通过画笔,提前测量出待绘制文本的区域,然后计算出居中位置绘制即可
xAxisTexts.forEachIndexed { index, text -> val pointX = originX + index * xGap //刻度线 if (xAxisOptions.isEnableRuler) { xAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = xAxisOptions.rulerWidth xAxisLinePaint.color = xAxisOptions.rulerColor canvas.drawLine( pointX, originY, pointX, originY - xAxisOptions.rulerHeight, xAxisLinePaint ) } //网格线 if (xAxisOptions.isEnableGrid) { xAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = xAxisOptions.gridWidth xAxisLinePaint.color = xAxisOptions.gridColor xAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = xAxisOptions.gridPathEffect canvas.drawLine(pointX, originY, pointX, 0f, xAxisLinePaint) } //文本 bounds.setEmpty() xAxisTextPaint.textSize = xAxisOptions.textSize xAxisTextPaint.color = xAxisOptions.textColor xAxisTextPaint.getTextBounds(text, 0, text.length, bounds) val fm = xAxisTextPaint.fontMetrics val fontHeight = fm.bottom - fm.top val fontX = originX + index * xGap + (xGap - bounds.width()) / 2f val fontBaseline = originY + (xAxisHeight - fontHeight) / 2f - fm.top canvas.drawText(text, fontX, fontBaseline, xAxisTextPaint) }
Y轴
第三步:根据原点位置,绘制Y轴轴线、网格线、文本
计算Y轴分布
个人认为,这里是自定义折线图的一个难点,这里经过查阅资料,使用该文章中的算法:
/** * 根据Y轴最大值、数量获取Y轴的标准间隔 */ private fun getYInterval(maxY: Int): Int { val yIntervalCount = yAxisCount - 1 val rawInterval = maxY / yIntervalCount.toFloat() val magicPower = floor(log10(rawInterval.toDouble())) var magic = 10.0.pow(magicPower).toFloat() if (magic == rawInterval) { magic = rawInterval } else { magic *= 10 } val rawStandardInterval = rawInterval / magic val standardInterval = getStandardInterval(rawStandardInterval) * magic return standardInterval.roundToInt() } /** * 根据初始的归一化后的间隔,转化为目标的间隔 */ private fun getStandardInterval(x: Float): Float { return when { x <= 0.1f -> 0.1f x <= 0.2f -> 0.2f x <= 0.25f -> 0.25f x <= 0.5f -> 0.5f x <= 1f -> 1f else -> getStandardInterval(x / 10) * 10 } }
刻度间隔、网格线、文本
Y轴的轴线、网格线、文本剩下的内容与X轴的处理方式几乎一致
//绘制Y轴 //轴线 if (yAxisOptions.isEnableLine) { yAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = yAxisOptions.lineWidth yAxisLinePaint.color = yAxisOptions.lineColor yAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = yAxisOptions.linePathEffect canvas.drawLine(originX, 0f, originX, originY, yAxisLinePaint) } yAxisTexts.forEachIndexed { index, text -> //刻度线 val pointY = originY - index * yGap if (yAxisOptions.isEnableRuler) { yAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = yAxisOptions.rulerWidth yAxisLinePaint.color = yAxisOptions.rulerColor canvas.drawLine( originX, pointY, originX + yAxisOptions.rulerHeight, pointY, yAxisLinePaint ) } //网格线 if (yAxisOptions.isEnableGrid) { yAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = yAxisOptions.gridWidth yAxisLinePaint.color = yAxisOptions.gridColor yAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = yAxisOptions.gridPathEffect canvas.drawLine(originX, pointY, width.toFloat(), pointY, yAxisLinePaint) } //文本 bounds.setEmpty() yAxisTextPaint.textSize = yAxisOptions.textSize yAxisTextPaint.color = yAxisOptions.textColor yAxisTextPaint.getTextBounds(text, 0, text.length, bounds) val fm = yAxisTextPaint.fontMetrics val x = (yAxisWidth - bounds.width()) / 2f val fontHeight = fm.bottom - fm.top val y = originY - index * yGap - fontHeight / 2f - fm.top canvas.drawText(text, x, y, yAxisTextPaint) }
折线
折线的连接,这里使用的是Path,将一个一个坐标点连接,最后将Path绘制,就形成了图中的折线图
//绘制数据 path.reset() points.forEachIndexed { index, point -> val x = originX + index * xGap + xGap / 2f val y = originY - (point.yAxis.toFloat() / yAxisMaxValue) * (yGap * (yAxisCount - 1)) if (index == 0) { path.moveTo(x, y) } else { path.lineTo(x, y) } //圆点 circlePaint.color = dataOptions.circleColor canvas.drawCircle(x, y, dataOptions.circleRadius, circlePaint) } pathPaint.strokeWidth = dataOptions.pathWidth pathPaint.color = dataOptions.pathColor canvas.drawPath(path, pathPaint)
值得注意的是:坐标点X根据间隔是相对确定的,而坐标点Y则需要进行百分比换算
代码
折线图LineChart
package com.vander.pool.widget.linechart import android.content.Context import android.graphics.* import android.text.TextPaint import android.util.AttributeSet import android.view.View import java.text.DecimalFormat import kotlin.math.floor import kotlin.math.log10 import kotlin.math.pow import kotlin.math.roundToInt class LineChart : View { private var options = ChartOptions() /** * X轴相关 */ private val xAxisTextPaint = TextPaint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG) private val xAxisLinePaint = Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG) private val xAxisTexts = mutableListOf<String>() private var xAxisHeight = 0f /** * Y轴相关 */ private val yAxisTextPaint = TextPaint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG) private val yAxisLinePaint = Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG) private val yAxisTexts = mutableListOf<String>() private var yAxisWidth = 0f private val yAxisCount = 5 private var yAxisMaxValue: Int = 0 /** * 原点 */ private var originX = 0f private var originY = 0f private var xGap = 0f private var yGap = 0f /** * 数据相关 */ private val pathPaint = Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG).also { it.style = Paint.Style.STROKE } private val circlePaint = Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG).also { it.color = Color.parseColor("#79EBCF") it.style = Paint.Style.FILL } private val points = mutableListOf<ChartBean>() private val bounds = Rect() private val path = Path() constructor(context: Context) : this(context, null) constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) : this(context, attrs, 0) constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?, defStyleAttr: Int) : super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas) if (points.isEmpty()) return val xAxisOptions = options.xAxisOptions val yAxisOptions = options.yAxisOptions val dataOptions = options.dataOptions //设置原点 originX = yAxisWidth originY = height - xAxisHeight //设置X轴Y轴间隔 xGap = (width - originX) / points.size //Y轴默认顶部会留出一半空间 yGap = originY / (yAxisCount - 1 + 0.5f) //绘制X轴 //轴线 if (xAxisOptions.isEnableLine) { xAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = xAxisOptions.lineWidth xAxisLinePaint.color = xAxisOptions.lineColor xAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = xAxisOptions.linePathEffect canvas.drawLine(originX, originY, width.toFloat(), originY, xAxisLinePaint) } xAxisTexts.forEachIndexed { index, text -> val pointX = originX + index * xGap //刻度线 if (xAxisOptions.isEnableRuler) { xAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = xAxisOptions.rulerWidth xAxisLinePaint.color = xAxisOptions.rulerColor canvas.drawLine( pointX, originY, pointX, originY - xAxisOptions.rulerHeight, xAxisLinePaint ) } //网格线 if (xAxisOptions.isEnableGrid) { xAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = xAxisOptions.gridWidth xAxisLinePaint.color = xAxisOptions.gridColor xAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = xAxisOptions.gridPathEffect canvas.drawLine(pointX, originY, pointX, 0f, xAxisLinePaint) } //文本 bounds.setEmpty() xAxisTextPaint.textSize = xAxisOptions.textSize xAxisTextPaint.color = xAxisOptions.textColor xAxisTextPaint.getTextBounds(text, 0, text.length, bounds) val fm = xAxisTextPaint.fontMetrics val fontHeight = fm.bottom - fm.top val fontX = originX + index * xGap + (xGap - bounds.width()) / 2f val fontBaseline = originY + (xAxisHeight - fontHeight) / 2f - fm.top canvas.drawText(text, fontX, fontBaseline, xAxisTextPaint) } //绘制Y轴 //轴线 if (yAxisOptions.isEnableLine) { yAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = yAxisOptions.lineWidth yAxisLinePaint.color = yAxisOptions.lineColor yAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = yAxisOptions.linePathEffect canvas.drawLine(originX, 0f, originX, originY, yAxisLinePaint) } yAxisTexts.forEachIndexed { index, text -> //刻度线 val pointY = originY - index * yGap if (yAxisOptions.isEnableRuler) { yAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = yAxisOptions.rulerWidth yAxisLinePaint.color = yAxisOptions.rulerColor canvas.drawLine( originX, pointY, originX + yAxisOptions.rulerHeight, pointY, yAxisLinePaint ) } //网格线 if (yAxisOptions.isEnableGrid) { yAxisLinePaint.strokeWidth = yAxisOptions.gridWidth yAxisLinePaint.color = yAxisOptions.gridColor yAxisLinePaint.pathEffect = yAxisOptions.gridPathEffect canvas.drawLine(originX, pointY, width.toFloat(), pointY, yAxisLinePaint) } //文本 bounds.setEmpty() yAxisTextPaint.textSize = yAxisOptions.textSize yAxisTextPaint.color = yAxisOptions.textColor yAxisTextPaint.getTextBounds(text, 0, text.length, bounds) val fm = yAxisTextPaint.fontMetrics val x = (yAxisWidth - bounds.width()) / 2f val fontHeight = fm.bottom - fm.top val y = originY - index * yGap - fontHeight / 2f - fm.top canvas.drawText(text, x, y, yAxisTextPaint) } //绘制数据 path.reset() points.forEachIndexed { index, point -> val x = originX + index * xGap + xGap / 2f val y = originY - (point.yAxis.toFloat() / yAxisMaxValue) * (yGap * (yAxisCount - 1)) if (index == 0) { path.moveTo(x, y) } else { path.lineTo(x, y) } //圆点 circlePaint.color = dataOptions.circleColor canvas.drawCircle(x, y, dataOptions.circleRadius, circlePaint) } pathPaint.strokeWidth = dataOptions.pathWidth pathPaint.color = dataOptions.pathColor canvas.drawPath(path, pathPaint) } /** * 设置数据 */ fun setData(list: List<ChartBean>) { points.clear() points.addAll(list) //设置X轴、Y轴数据 setXAxisData(list) setYAxisData(list) invalidate() } /** * 设置X轴数据 */ private fun setXAxisData(list: List<ChartBean>) { val xAxisOptions = options.xAxisOptions val values = list.map { it.xAxis } //X轴文本 xAxisTexts.clear() xAxisTexts.addAll(values) //X轴高度 val fontMetrics = xAxisTextPaint.fontMetrics val lineHeight = fontMetrics.bottom - fontMetrics.top xAxisHeight = lineHeight + xAxisOptions.textMarginTop + xAxisOptions.textMarginBottom } /** * 设置Y轴数据 */ private fun setYAxisData(list: List<ChartBean>) { val yAxisOptions = options.yAxisOptions yAxisTextPaint.textSize = yAxisOptions.textSize yAxisTextPaint.color = yAxisOptions.textColor val texts = list.map { it.yAxis.toString() } yAxisTexts.clear() yAxisTexts.addAll(texts) //Y轴高度 val maxTextWidth = yAxisTexts.maxOf { yAxisTextPaint.measureText(it) } yAxisWidth = maxTextWidth + yAxisOptions.textMarginLeft + yAxisOptions.textMarginRight //Y轴间隔 val maxY = list.maxOf { it.yAxis } val interval = when { maxY <= 10 -> getYInterval(10) else -> getYInterval(maxY) } //Y轴文字 yAxisTexts.clear() for (index in 0..yAxisCount) { val value = index * interval yAxisTexts.add(formatNum(value)) } yAxisMaxValue = (yAxisCount - 1) * interval } /** * 格式化数值 */ private fun formatNum(num: Int): String { val absNum = Math.abs(num) return if (absNum >= 0 && absNum < 1000) { return num.toString() } else { val format = DecimalFormat("0.0") val value = num / 1000f "${format.format(value)}k" } } /** * 根据Y轴最大值、数量获取Y轴的标准间隔 */ private fun getYInterval(maxY: Int): Int { val yIntervalCount = yAxisCount - 1 val rawInterval = maxY / yIntervalCount.toFloat() val magicPower = floor(log10(rawInterval.toDouble())) var magic = 10.0.pow(magicPower).toFloat() if (magic == rawInterval) { magic = rawInterval } else { magic *= 10 } val rawStandardInterval = rawInterval / magic val standardInterval = getStandardInterval(rawStandardInterval) * magic return standardInterval.roundToInt() } /** * 根据初始的归一化后的间隔,转化为目标的间隔 */ private fun getStandardInterval(x: Float): Float { return when { x <= 0.1f -> 0.1f x <= 0.2f -> 0.2f x <= 0.25f -> 0.25f x <= 0.5f -> 0.5f x <= 1f -> 1f else -> getStandardInterval(x / 10) * 10 } } /** * 重置参数 */ fun setOptions(newOptions: ChartOptions) { this.options = newOptions setData(points) } fun getOptions(): ChartOptions { return options } data class ChartBean(val xAxis: String, val yAxis: Int) }
ChartOptions配置选项
class ChartOptions { //X轴配置 var xAxisOptions = AxisOptions() //Y轴配置 var yAxisOptions = AxisOptions() //数据配置 var dataOptions = DataOptions() } /** * 轴线配置参数 */ class AxisOptions { companion object { private const val DEFAULT_TEXT_SIZE = 20f private const val DEFAULT_TEXT_COLOR = Color.BLACK private const val DEFAULT_TEXT_MARGIN = 20 private const val DEFAULT_LINE_WIDTH = 2f private const val DEFAULT_RULER_WIDTH = 10f } /** * 文字大小 */ @FloatRange(from = 1.0) var textSize: Float = DEFAULT_TEXT_SIZE @ColorInt var textColor: Int = DEFAULT_TEXT_COLOR /** * X轴文字内容上下两侧margin */ var textMarginTop: Int = DEFAULT_TEXT_MARGIN var textMarginBottom: Int = DEFAULT_TEXT_MARGIN /** * Y轴文字内容左右两侧margin */ var textMarginLeft: Int = DEFAULT_TEXT_MARGIN var textMarginRight: Int = DEFAULT_TEXT_MARGIN /** * 轴线 */ var lineWidth: Float = DEFAULT_LINE_WIDTH @ColorInt var lineColor: Int = DEFAULT_TEXT_COLOR var isEnableLine = true var linePathEffect: PathEffect? = null /** * 刻度 */ var rulerWidth = DEFAULT_LINE_WIDTH var rulerHeight = DEFAULT_RULER_WIDTH @ColorInt var rulerColor = DEFAULT_TEXT_COLOR var isEnableRuler = true /** * 网格 */ var gridWidth: Float = DEFAULT_LINE_WIDTH @ColorInt var gridColor: Int = DEFAULT_TEXT_COLOR var gridPathEffect: PathEffect? = null var isEnableGrid = true } /** * 数据配置参数 */ class DataOptions { companion object { private const val DEFAULT_PATH_WIDTH = 2f private const val DEFAULT_PATH_COLOR = Color.BLACK private const val DEFAULT_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 10f private const val DEFAULT_CIRCLE_COLOR = Color.BLACK } var pathWidth = DEFAULT_PATH_WIDTH var pathColor = DEFAULT_PATH_COLOR var circleRadius = DEFAULT_CIRCLE_RADIUS var circleColor = DEFAULT_CIRCLE_COLOR }
Demo样式
private fun initView() { val options = binding.chart.getOptions() //X轴 val xAxisOptions = options.xAxisOptions xAxisOptions.isEnableLine = false xAxisOptions.textColor = Color.parseColor("#999999") xAxisOptions.textSize = dpToPx(12) xAxisOptions.textMarginTop = dpToPx(12).toInt() xAxisOptions.textMarginBottom = dpToPx(12).toInt() xAxisOptions.isEnableGrid = false xAxisOptions.isEnableRuler = false //Y轴 val yAxisOptions = options.yAxisOptions yAxisOptions.isEnableLine = false yAxisOptions.textColor = Color.parseColor("#999999") yAxisOptions.textSize = dpToPx(12) yAxisOptions.textMarginLeft = dpToPx(12).toInt() yAxisOptions.textMarginRight = dpToPx(12).toInt() yAxisOptions.gridColor = Color.parseColor("#999999") yAxisOptions.gridWidth = dpToPx(0.5f) val dashLength = dpToPx(8f) yAxisOptions.gridPathEffect = DashPathEffect(floatArrayOf(dashLength, dashLength / 2), 0f) yAxisOptions.isEnableRuler = false //数据 val dataOptions = options.dataOptions dataOptions.pathColor = Color.parseColor("#79EBCF") dataOptions.pathWidth = dpToPx(1f) dataOptions.circleColor = Color.parseColor("#79EBCF") dataOptions.circleRadius = dpToPx(3f) binding.chart.setOnClickListener { initChartData() } binding.toolbar.setLeftClick { finish() } } private fun initChartData() { val random = 1000 val list = mutableListOf<LineChart.ChartBean>() list.add(LineChart.ChartBean("05-01", Random.nextInt(random))) list.add(LineChart.ChartBean("05-02", Random.nextInt(random))) list.add(LineChart.ChartBean("05-03", Random.nextInt(random))) list.add(LineChart.ChartBean("05-04", Random.nextInt(random))) list.add(LineChart.ChartBean("05-05", Random.nextInt(random))) list.add(LineChart.ChartBean("05-06", Random.nextInt(random))) list.add(LineChart.ChartBean("05-07", Random.nextInt(random))) binding.chart.setData(list) //文本 val text = list.joinToString("\n") { "x : ${it.xAxis} y:${it.yAxis}" } binding.value.text = text }
总结
到此这篇关于Android自定义折线图控件的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Android自定义折线图控件内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!
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