一文了解JavaScript中call/apply/bind的使用

func.call(thisArg, arg1, arg2, ...)
// thisArg为在 func 函数运行时使用的 this 值
// arg1, arg2等为指定的参数列表
// 其返回值为调用有指定 this 值和参数的函数的结果

Function.prototype.call = function (thisArg, ...argsArray) {
  if (typeof this !== "function") {
    throw new TypeError(
      "Function.prototype.call was called on which is not a function"
    );
  }

  if (thisArg === undefined || thisArg === null) {
    thisArg = window;
  } else {
    thisArg = Object(thisArg);
  }

  // 将 func 放入 thisArg 内，这样在调用 thisArg[func] 时 this 自然就指向了 thisArg
  const func = Symbol("func");
  thisArg[func] = this;

  let result;

  if (argsArray.length) {
    result = thisArg[func](...argsArray);
  } else {
    result = thisArg[func]();
  }

  delete thisArg[func];

  return result;
};

func.apply(thisArg, [argsArray]);
// thisArg为在 func 函数运行时使用的 this 值
// arg1, arg2等为指定的参数列表
// 其返回值为调用有指定 this 值和参数的函数的结果

Function.prototype.apply = function (thisArg, argsArray) {
  if (typeof this !== "function") {
    throw new TypeError(
      "Function.prototype.apply was called on which is not a function"
    );
  }

  if (thisArg === undefined || thisArg === null) {
    thisArg = window;
  } else {
    thisArg = Object(thisArg);
  }

  // 将 func 放入 thisArg 内，这样在调用 thisArg[func] 时 this 自然就指向了 thisArg
  const func = Symbol("func");
  thisArg[func] = this;

  let result;

  if (argsArray && typeof argsArray === "object" && "length" in argsArray) {
    // 此处使用 Array.from 包裹让其支持形如 { length: 1, 0: 1 } 这样的类数组对象，直接对 argsArray 展开将会执行出错
    result = thisArg[func](...Array.from(argsArray));
  } else if (argsArray === undefined || argsArray === null) {
    result = thisArg[func]();
  } else {
    throw new TypeError("CreateListFromArrayLike called on non-object");
  }
  delete thisArg[func];
  return result;
};

func.bind(thisArg[, arg1[, arg2[, ...]]])
// thisArg 为调用绑定函数时作为 this 参数传递给目标函数的值， 如果使用 new 运算符构造绑定函数，忽略该值
// arg1, arg2为当目标函数被调用时，被预置入绑定函数的参数列表中的参数。
// 其返回值为一个原函数的拷贝，并拥有指定的 this 值和初始参数

Function.prototype.bind = function (thisArg, ...argsArray) {
  if (typeof this !== "function") {
    throw new TypeError(
      "Function.prototype.bind was called on which is not a function"
    );
  }
  if (thisArg === undefined || thisArg === null) {
    thisArg = window;
  } else {
    thisArg = Object(thisArg);
  }
  const func = this;
  const bound = function (...boundArgsArray) {
    let isNew = false;

    // 如果 func 不是构造器，直接使用 instanceof 将出错，所以需要用 try...catch 包裹
    try {
      isNew = this instanceof func;
    } catch (error) {}

    return func.apply(isNew ? this : thisArg, argsArray.concat(boundArgsArray));
  };

  const Empty = function () {};
  Empty.prototype = this.prototype;
  bound.prototype = new Empty();

  return bound;
};