Python实现简易计算器的示例代码

更新时间：2022年11月22日 10:12:07 作者：羊必瘦

Tkinter作为 Python GUI 开发工具之一，它具有 GUI 软件包的必备的常用功能。本文就将利用Tkinter编写简易的计算器，感兴趣的可以了解一下

实现流程

1.计算机布局

2.计算机执行

首先导入模块:

Tkinter 作为 Python GUI 开发工具之一，它具有 GUI 软件包的必备的常用功能。比如，它提供了十多种不同类型的窗口控件、窗口布局管理器、事件处理机制等，加之其开发效率高、代码简洁易读

import tkinter as tk
#Python3标准安装包中自带tkinter，即不用安装，导入即可使用。
#可以从命令行运行python -m tkinter会打开一个窗口
#演示一个简单的Tk接口，证明tkinter已正确安装在系统上.
#python -m tkinter

计算器布局

1、先完成整个计算机的布局及其它输出结果的一栏

前面完成整体布局就细化计算器中的按钮

1、前四行代码是定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色

2、后四行是按钮的间距

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('计算器')
root.geometry('295x280+100+100') #边距
font = ('宋体', 20)
font_16 = ('宋体', 16)
root.attributes("-alpha", 0.9) #设置透明度
 
result_num = tk.StringVar() #赋予可变变量
result_num.set('')
 
tk.Label(root,
         textvariable=result_num, font=font, height=2,
         width=20, justify=tk.LEFT, anchor=tk.SE
         ).grid(row=1, column=1, columnspan=4) #显示结果的布局
 
 
button_clear = tk.Button(root, text='C', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_back = tk.Button(root, text='←', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_division = tk.Button(root, text='÷', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_multiplication = tk.Button(root, text='×', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_clear.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_back.grid(row=2, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_division.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_multiplication.grid(row=2, column=4, padx=4, pady=2) #定义按钮位置
 
#依葫芦画瓢
button_seven = tk.Button(root, text='7', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_eight = tk.Button(root, text='8', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_nine = tk.Button(root, text='9', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_subtraction = tk.Button(root, text='-', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_seven.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_eight.grid(row=3, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_nine.grid(row=3, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_subtraction.grid(row=3, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
#依葫芦画瓢
button_four = tk.Button(root, text='4', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_five = tk.Button(root, text='5', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_six = tk.Button(root, text='6', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_addition = tk.Button(root, text='+', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_four.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_five.grid(row=4, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_six.grid(row=4, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_addition.grid(row=4, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
#依葫芦画瓢
button_one = tk.Button(root, text='1', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_two = tk.Button(root, text='2', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_three = tk.Button(root, text='3', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal = tk.Button(root, text='=', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_one.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_two.grid(row=5, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_three.grid(row=5, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_zero1 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_zero = tk.Button(root, text='0', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_dot = tk.Button(root, text='.', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal2 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_zero1.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_zero.grid(row=6, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_dot.grid(row=6, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal2.grid(row=6, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)

计算机执行

计算器布局完成后（主体和细节）赋予计算器计算能力

1、点击按钮实现出现结果输出栏及计算器的输出栏

2、赋予事件能力

def click_button(x):
    print('X:\t', x)
    result_num.set(result_num.get() + x)

点击按钮可以输入所对应的结果并且调用lambda函数计算输入结果并反馈

ambda 函数是匿名的：所谓匿名函数，通俗地说就是没有名字的函数。lambda函数没有名字。 lambda 函数有输入和输出：输入是传入到参数列表argument_list的值，输出是根据表达式expression计算得到的值。

button_one.config(command=lambda: click_button('1'))
button_two.config(command=lambda: click_button('2'))
button_three.config(command=lambda: click_button('3'))
button_four.config(command=lambda: click_button('4'))
button_five.config(command=lambda: click_button('5'))
button_six.config(command=lambda: click_button('6'))
button_seven.config(command=lambda: click_button('7'))
button_eight.config(command=lambda: click_button('8'))
button_nine.config(command=lambda: click_button('9'))
button_zero.config(command=lambda: click_button('0'))
button_dot.config(command=lambda: click_button('.'))
button_addition.config(command=lambda: click_button('+'))
button_subtraction.config(command=lambda: click_button('-'))
button_multiplication.config(command=lambda: click_button('*'))
button_division.config(command=lambda: click_button('/'))
button_clear.config(command=lambda: btnClearDisplay())
button_equal.config(command=calculation)

调用calculation时间用来计算输入结果其中str来转化字符串.

调用btnClearDisplay清除来清空输入结果

def calculation():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(opt_str)
    result_num.set(str(result))
 
 
def btnClearDisplay():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(str(opt_str))
    result_num.set("")

最后一行代码不需要触发lambda 因为不需要匿名函数也不用传递参数

button_clear.config(command=lambda: btnClearDisplay())
button_equal.config(command=calculation)

代码展示

import tkinter as tk
 
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('计算器')
root.geometry('295x280+100+100')
font = ('宋体', 20)
font_16 = ('宋体', 16)
root.attributes("-alpha", 0.9)
 
result_num = tk.StringVar()
result_num.set('')
 
tk.Label(root,
         textvariable=result_num, font=font, height=2,
         width=20, justify=tk.LEFT, anchor=tk.SE
         ).grid(row=1, column=1, columnspan=4)
 
 
button_clear = tk.Button(root, text='C', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_back = tk.Button(root, text='←', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_division = tk.Button(root, text='÷', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_multiplication = tk.Button(root, text='×', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_clear.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_back.grid(row=2, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_division.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_multiplication.grid(row=2, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_seven = tk.Button(root, text='7', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_eight = tk.Button(root, text='8', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_nine = tk.Button(root, text='9', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_subtraction = tk.Button(root, text='-', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_seven.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_eight.grid(row=3, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_nine.grid(row=3, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_subtraction.grid(row=3, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
button_four = tk.Button(root, text='4', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_five = tk.Button(root, text='5', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_six = tk.Button(root, text='6', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_addition = tk.Button(root, text='+', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_four.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_five.grid(row=4, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_six.grid(row=4, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_addition.grid(row=4, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_one = tk.Button(root, text='1', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_two = tk.Button(root, text='2', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_three = tk.Button(root, text='3', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal = tk.Button(root, text='=', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_one.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_two.grid(row=5, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_three.grid(row=5, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_zero1 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_zero = tk.Button(root, text='0', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_dot = tk.Button(root, text='.', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal2 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_zero1.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_zero.grid(row=6, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_dot.grid(row=6, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal2.grid(row=6, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
def click_button(x):
    print('X:\t', x)
    result_num.set(result_num.get() + x)
 
 
def calculation():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(opt_str)
    result_num.set(str(result))
 
 
def btnClearDisplay():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(str(opt_str))
    result_num.set("")
 
 
button_one.config(command=lambda: click_button('1'))
button_two.config(command=lambda: click_button('2'))
button_three.config(command=lambda: click_button('3'))
button_four.config(command=lambda: click_button('4'))
button_five.config(command=lambda: click_button('5'))
button_six.config(command=lambda: click_button('6'))
button_seven.config(command=lambda: click_button('7'))
button_eight.config(command=lambda: click_button('8'))
button_nine.config(command=lambda: click_button('9'))
button_zero.config(command=lambda: click_button('0'))
button_dot.config(command=lambda: click_button('.'))
button_addition.config(command=lambda: click_button('+'))
button_subtraction.config(command=lambda: click_button('-'))
button_multiplication.config(command=lambda: click_button('*'))
button_division.config(command=lambda: click_button('/'))
button_clear.config(command=lambda: btnClearDisplay())
button_equal.config(command=calculation)
 
 
root.mainloop()

运行展示

可以看到计算器的页面特别好看，跟着我一起学python，成就感满满！！！

到此这篇关于Python实现简易计算器的示例代码的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python计算器内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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