在spring boot3中使用native image的最新方法

简介

在之前spring boot3文章中我们介绍了，spring boot3的一个重要特性就是支持把spring boot3的应用编译成为GraalVM的Native Image。

今天我们用具体的例子来给大家演示一下如何正确的将spring boot3的应用编译成为native image。

安装GraalVM

如果要把spring boot3的app编译成为native应用，需要GraalVM的支持。

什么是GraalVM呢？

从名字就可以看出来GraalVM是一个虚拟机，它的主要目标就是提升java应用程序的性能，并且消耗更少的资源。

它在java HotSpot JVM的基础上添加了JIT编译器和AOT来实现将应用编译成为本地可执行文件。除了java之外，GraalVM还支持JavaScript、Ruby、Python等多种编程语言。

所以，为什么要用GraalVM呢？一个字：快。

安装GraalVM也比较简单，我们进入它的官方下载页面下载对应的版本即可：https://www.oracle.com/downloads/graalvm-downloads.html。

GraalVM跟JDK一样也有两个版本，社区版和企业版本，大家可以根据需要自行选择。

要注意的是spring boot3需要GraalVM 22.3以上的版本支持，大家可不要下载错了。

下载完成之后，我们可以像正常安装JDK一样来安装GraalVM,这里以mac为例，假如我们安装的目录是/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-ee-java17-22.3.0，那么我们需要配置对应的JAVA_HOME和PATH环境变量如下：

 export PATH=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-ee-java17-22.3.0/Contents/Home/bin:$PATH

 export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-ee-java17-22.3.0/Contents/Home
 export PATH=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-ee-java17-22.3.0/Contents/Home/bin:$PATH

 export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-ee-java17-22.3.0/Contents/Home

PATH中有一个非常重要的命令叫做gu，如果不添加PATH，那么在使用中就可能遇到下面的异常：

'gu' tool wasn't found. This probably means that JDK at isn't a GraalVM distribution.

安装完毕之后可以通过下面的命令来进行验证：

java -version
java version "17.0.5" 2022-10-18 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment GraalVM EE 22.3.0 (build 17.0.5+9-LTS-jvmci-22.3-b07)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM GraalVM EE 22.3.0 (build 17.0.5+9-LTS-jvmci-22.3-b07, mixed mode, sharing)

如果是在mac环境下，还需要执行下面的命令来解除对graalvm的隔离限制：

 sudo xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/graalvm

否则在使用中就会遇到下面的问题：

添加Native Image支持

我们安装GraalVM的目的就是使用它的native Image特性。native image是一个单独的jar包，我们可以执行下面的命令来进行安装：

gu install native-image

其中gu就是/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-ee-java17-22.3.0/Contents/Home/bin中的命令。

下载的过程中还需要输入一个有效的邮件，并进行邮箱校验。然后一路ENTER就可以了。

当然，你还可以把Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition Native Image下载到本地，然后使用gu install -L来进行本地安装。

好了，到目前为止，一切准备妥当，我们接下来看看如何把spring boot3的应用打包成为native image吧。

构建spring boot3应用

这里我们使用的是maven，所以需要添加下面的spring boot3的依赖：

 <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.1</version>
        <relativePath/> 
    </parent>

因为要构建native image，所以我们还需要用到下面的一个native-maven-plugin插件：

<plugin>
                <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

这里我们只创建了一个非常简单的main方法：

@SpringBootApplication
public class NativeImageApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NativeImageApplication.class, args);
    }
}

然后，我们尝试运行 mvn native:build来构建spring boot3应用程序。

记得在build之前一定先要编译好项目。

很可惜，你会发现下面的异常：

[INFO] --- native-maven-plugin:0.9.19:build (default-cli) @ native-image --- [WARNING] 'native:build' goal is deprecated. Use 'native:compile-no-fork' instead. [INFO] Found GraalVM installation from JAVA_HOME variable. ... Error: Please specify class (or <module>/<mainclass>) containing the main entry point method. (see --help)

从上面的异常我们发现了两个问题，第一个问题是一个警告，它推荐我们使用native:compile-no-fork。

第二个问题是说找不到mainclass,根据异常信息，我们在pom的plugin中添加下面的配置信息，如下所示：

<plugin>
                <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <!-- imageName用于设置生成的二进制文件名称 -->
                    <imageName>${project.artifactId}</imageName>
                    <!-- mainClass用于指定main方法类路径 -->
                    <mainClass>com.flydean.nativeimage.NativeImageApplication</mainClass>
                    <buildArgs>
                        --no-fallback
                    </buildArgs>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>build-native</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>compile-no-fork</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

然后重新运行mvn native:compile-no-fork：

GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'native-image' (executable)... ======================================================================================================================== [1/7] Initializing... (4.3s @ 0.25GB) Version info: 'GraalVM 22.3.0 Java 17 EE' Java version info: '17.0.5+9-LTS-jvmci-22.3-b07' C compiler: cc (apple, arm64, 14.0.0) Garbage collector: Serial GC 1 user-specific feature(s) - org.springframework.aot.nativex.feature.PreComputeFieldFeature Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#log4jSpiPresent set to true at build time Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#log4jSlf4jProviderPresent set to true at build time Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#slf4jSpiPresent set to true at build time Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#slf4jApiPresent set to true at build time Field org.springframework.core.NativeDetector#imageCode set to true at build time Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinPresent set to false at build time Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinReflectPresent set to false at build time Field org.springframework.format.support.DefaultFormattingConversionService#jsr354Present set to false at build time Field org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator#imageCode set to true at build time [2/7] Performing analysis... [**********] (24.8s @ 4.57GB) 10,266 (89.50%) of 11,470 classes reachable 16,675 (63.53%) of 26,248 fields reachable 53,776 (60.71%) of 88,575 methods reachable 469 classes, 140 fields, and 2,281 methods registered for reflection 63 classes, 69 fields, and 55 methods registered for JNI access 5 native libraries: -framework CoreServices, -framework Foundation, dl, pthread, z [3/7] Building universe... (5.0s @ 2.72GB) [4/7] Parsing methods... [**] (4.4s @ 2.42GB) [5/7] Inlining methods... [***] (1.3s @ 3.87GB) [6/7] Compiling methods... [********] (70.0s @ 1.04GB) [7/7] Creating image... (4.7s @ 3.35GB) 30.27MB (58.75%) for code area: 30,771 compilation units 20.50MB (39.79%) for image heap: 305,579 objects and 93 resources 769.52KB ( 1.46%) for other data 51.52MB in total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Top 10 packages in code area: Top 10 object types in image heap: 2.02MB com.oracle.svm.core.code 5.79MB byte[] for code metadata 1.77MB sun.security.ssl 2.31MB byte[] for java.lang.String 1.29MB java.util 2.09MB byte[] for general heap data 929.52KB java.lang.invoke 2.07MB java.lang.String 925.96KB com.sun.crypto.provider 1.76MB java.lang.Class 802.99KB java.lang 671.09KB byte[] for embedded resources 633.35KB sun.nio.ch 567.26KB byte[] for reflection metadata 625.89KB java.util.concurrent 481.22KB com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHubCompanion 601.86KB org.apache.tomcat.util.net 450.06KB java.util.HashMap$Node 594.48KB sun.security.x509 401.78KB java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$Node 20.02MB for 397 more packages 3.40MB for 2297 more object types ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.5s (7.9% of total time) in 50 GCs | Peak RSS: 3.75GB | CPU load: 4.39 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Produced artifacts: /Users/learn-springboot3/learn-springboot3/native-image/target/native-image (executable) /Users/learn-springboot3/learn-springboot3/native-image/target/native-image.build_artifacts.txt (txt) ======================================================================================================================== Finished generating 'native-image' in 2m 0s. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 02:01 min [INFO] Finished at: 2023-01-05T20:43:39+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

经过漫长的等待，我们终于build完成了。

因为我们的artifactId叫做native-image,所以最终在target目录下面生成了一个叫做native-image的可执行文件：

. ├── classes │   ├── application.properties │   └── com │   └── flydean │   └── nativeimage │   └── NativeImageApplication.class ├── generated-sources │   └── annotations ├── generated-test-sources │   └── test-annotations ├── maven-archiver │   └── pom.properties ├── maven-status │   └── maven-compiler-plugin │   ├── compile │   │   └── default-compile │   │   ├── createdFiles.lst │   │   └── inputFiles.lst │   └── testCompile │   └── default-testCompile │   ├── createdFiles.lst │   └── inputFiles.lst ├── native-image ├── native-image-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar ├── native-image-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar.original ├── native-image.build_artifacts.txt ├── surefire-reports │   ├── TEST-com.flydean.nativeimage.NativeImageApplicationTests.xml │   └── com.flydean.nativeimage.NativeImageApplicationTests.txt └── test-classes └── com └── flydean └── nativeimage └── NativeImageApplicationTests.class 20 directories, 14 files

如果你这时候运行target/native-image,那么很可能得到下面的异常：

[main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.aot.AotApplicationContextInitializer - Initializing ApplicationContext with AOT [main] ERROR org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication - Application run failed java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not find class [com.flydean.nativeimage.NativeImageApplication__ApplicationContextInitializer] at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.resolveClassName(ClassUtils.java:333)

这是因为我们缺少一些spring boot的AOT元文件信息，正确的做法是使用下面的命令：

mvn clean package -Pnative

它实际上执行的是下面的几个命令：

mvn spring-boot:process-aot
mvn spring-boot:process-test-aot
mvn spring-boot:build-image

最终我们得到编译好的native-image信息，运行得到下面的结果：

2023-01-05T17:07:11.692+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] c.f.nativeimage.NativeImageApplication : Starting AOT-processed NativeImageApplication using Java 17.0.5 with PID 69299 (/Users/wayne/data/git/ddean2009/learn-springboot3/learn-springboot3/native-image/target/native-image started by wayne in /Users/wayne/data/git/ddean2009/learn-springboot3/learn-springboot3/native-image) 2023-01-05T17:07:11.693+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] c.f.nativeimage.NativeImageApplication : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default" 2023-01-05T17:07:11.709+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2023-01-05T17:07:11.710+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2023-01-05T17:07:11.710+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.4] 2023-01-05T17:07:11.717+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2023-01-05T17:07:11.717+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 24 ms 2023-01-05T17:07:11.729+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2023-01-05T17:07:11.729+08:00 INFO 69299 --- [ main] c.f.nativeimage.NativeImageApplication : Started NativeImageApplication in 0.053 seconds (process running for 0.072)

总结

从运行情况来看，native-image的启动速度非常快，应该可以提升不少的性能。

感兴趣的小伙伴赶紧用起来吧。

本文的例子https://github.com/ddean2009/learn-springboot3

到此这篇关于在spring boot3中使用native image的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关spring boot3使用native image内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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