利用Python解决Excel问题的最佳方案总结

import pandas as pd
import xlwings as xw
 
#要处理的文件路径
fpath = "data/DS_format.xlsm"
 
#把CP和DS两个sheet的数据分别读入pandas的dataframe
cp_df = pd.read_excel(fpath,sheet_name="CP",header=[0])
ds_df = pd.read_excel(fpath,sheet_name="DS",header=[0,1])
 
#计算过程省略......
 
#保存结果到excel       
app = xw.App(visible=False,add_book=False)
ds_format_workbook = app.books.open(fpath)
ds_worksheet = ds_format_workbook.sheets["DS"]
ds_worksheet.range("A1").expand().options(index=False).value = ds_df 
ds_format_workbook.save()
ds_format_workbook.close()
app.quit()

#根据ds_df来写excel，只写该写的单元格
for row_idx,row in ds_df.iterrows():
    total_capabity_val = row[('Total','Capabity')].strip()
    total_capabity1_val = row[('Total','Capabity.1')].strip()
    #Total和1Gb  Eqv.所在的行不写
    if total_capabity_val!= 'Total' and total_capabity_val != '1Gb  Eqv.':
        #给Delta和LOI赋值
        if total_capabity1_val == 'LOI' or total_capabity1_val == 'Delta':
            ds_worksheet.range((row_idx + 3 ,3)).value = row[('Current week','BOH')]
            print(f"ds_sheet的第{row_idx + 3}行第3列被设置为{row[('Current week','BOH')]}") 
        #给Demand和Supply赋值
        if total_capabity1_val == 'Demand' or total_capabity1_val == 'Supply':
            cp_datetime_columns = cp_df.columns[53:]
            for col_idx in range(4,len(ds_df.columns)):
                ds_datetime = ds_df.columns.get_level_values(1)[col_idx]
                ds_month = ds_df.columns.get_level_values(0)[col_idx]
                if type(ds_datetime) == str and ds_datetime != 'TTL' and ds_datetime != 'Total' and (ds_datetime in cp_datetime_columns):
                    ds_worksheet.range((row_idx + 3,col_idx + 1)).value = row[(f'{ds_month}',f'{ds_datetime}')]
                    print(f"ds_sheet的第{row_idx + 3}行第{col_idx + 1}列被设置为{row[(f'{ds_month}',f'{ds_datetime}')]}") 
                elif type(ds_datetime) == datetime.datetime and (ds_datetime in cp_datetime_columns):
                    ds_worksheet.range((row_idx + 3,col_idx + 1)).value = row[(f'{ds_month}',ds_datetime)]     
                    print(f"ds_sheet的第{row_idx + 3}行第{col_idx + 1}列被设置为{row[(f'{ds_month}',ds_datetime)]}")   

import openpyxl
ds_format_workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(fpath,data_only=False)
ds_wooksheet = ds_format_workbook['DS']
ds_df =  pd.DataFrame(ds_wooksheet.values)

#使用xlwings来读取formula
app = xw.App(visible=False,add_book=False)
ds_format_workbook = app.books.open(fpath)
ds_worksheet = ds_format_workbook.sheets["DS"]
#先把所有公式一次性读取并保存下来
formulas = ds_worksheet.used_range.formula
 
#中间计算过程省略...
 
#一次性把所有公式写回去
ds_worksheet.used_range.formula = formulas 

#使用xlwings来读取formula
app = xw.App(visible=False,add_book=False)
ds_format_workbook = app.books.open(fpath)
ds_worksheet = ds_format_workbook.sheets["DS"]
 
#保留excel中的formula
#找到DS中Total所在的行，Total之后的行都是formula
row = ds_df.loc[ds_df[('Total','Capabity')]=='Total ']
total_row_index = row.index.values[0]
#获取对应excel的行号(dataframe把两层表头当做索引，从数据行开始计数，而且从0开始计数。excel从表头就开始计数，而且从1开始计数)
excel_total_row_idx = int(total_row_index+2)
#获取excel最后一行的索引
excel_last_row_idx = ds_worksheet.used_range.rows.count
#保留按日期计算的各列的formula
I_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'I3:I{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
N_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'N3:N{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
T_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'T3:T{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
U_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'U3:U{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
Z_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'Z3:Z{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
AE_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'AE3:AE{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
AK_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'AK3:AK{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
AL_col_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'AL3:AL{excel_total_row_idx}').formula
#保留Total行开始一直到末尾所有行的formula
total_to_last_formula = ds_worksheet.range(f'A{excel_total_row_idx+1}:AL{excel_last_row_idx}').formula
 
#中间计算过程省略...
 
#保存结果到excel                 
#直接把ds_df完整赋值给excel，会导致excel原有的公式被值覆盖
ds_worksheet.range("A1").expand().options(index=False).value = ds_df 
#用之前保留的formulas，重置公式
ds_worksheet.range(f'I3:I{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = I_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'N3:N{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = N_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'T3:T{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = T_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'U3:U{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = U_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'Z3:Z{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = Z_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'AE3:AE{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = AE_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'AK3:AK{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = AK_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'AL3:AL{excel_total_row_idx}').formula = AL_col_formula
ds_worksheet.range(f'A{excel_total_row_idx+1}:AL{excel_last_row_idx}').formula = total_to_last_formula
 
ds_format_workbook.save()
ds_format_workbook.close()
app.quit()