React和Vue实现文件下载进度条
一、需求场景
下载服务端大文件资源过慢,页面没有任何显示,体验太差。因此需增加进度条优化显示
二、实现原理
发送异步HTTP请求,监听onprogress事件,读取已下载的资源和资源总大小得到下载百分比
在资源请求完成后,将文件内容转为blob,并通过a标签将文件通过浏览器下载下来
三、react 实现步骤
1. 托管静态资源
前提:通过create-react-app创建的react项目
将静态资源文件放到public文件夹下,这样启动项目后,可直接通过http://localhost:3000/1.pdf 的方式访问到静态资源。在实际工作中,肯定是直接访问服务器上的资源
2. 封装hook
新建useDownload.ts
import { useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react'; interface Options { fileName: string; //下载的文件名 onCompleted?: () => void; //请求完成的回调方法 onError?: (error: Error) => void; //请求失败的回调方法 } interface FileDownReturn { download: () => void; //下载 cancel: () => void; //取消 progress: number; //下载进度百分比 isDownloading: boolean; //是否下载中 } export default function useFileDown(url: string, options: Options): FileDownReturn { const { fileName, onCompleted, onError } = options; const [progress, setProgress] = useState(0); const [isDownloading, setIsDownloading] = useState(false); const xhrRef = useRef<XMLHttpRequest | null>(null); const download = useCallback(() => { const xhr = (xhrRef.current = new XMLHttpRequest()); xhr.open('GET', url); //默认异步请求 xhr.responseType = 'blob'; xhr.onprogress = (e) => { //判断资源长度是否可计算 if (e.lengthComputable) { const percent = Math.floor((e.loaded / e.total) * 100); setProgress(percent); } }; xhr.onload = () => { if (xhr.status === 200) { //请求资源完成,将文件内容转为blob const blob = new Blob([xhr.response], { type: 'application/octet-stream' }); //通过a标签将资源下载 const link = document.createElement('a'); link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); link.download = decodeURIComponent(fileName); link.click(); window.URL.revokeObjectURL(link.href); onCompleted && onCompleted(); } else { onError && onError(new Error('下载失败')); } setIsDownloading(false); }; xhr.onerror = () => { onError && onError(new Error('下载失败')); setIsDownloading(false); }; xhrRef.current.send(); //发送请求 setProgress(0); //每次发送时将进度重置为0 setIsDownloading(true); }, [fileName, onCompleted, onError, url]); const cancel = useCallback(() => { xhrRef.current?.abort(); //取消请求 setIsDownloading(false); }, [xhrRef]); return { download, cancel, progress, isDownloading, }; }
3. 使用hook
import { memo } from 'react'; import useFileDown from './useDownload'; const list = [ { fileName: '城市发展史起.pdf', url: ' http://localhost:3000/1.pdf', type: 'pdf', }, { fileName: '表格.xlsx', url: 'http://localhost:3000/表格.xlsx', type: 'xlsx', }, { fileName: '报告.doc', url: 'http://localhost:3000/报告.doc', type: 'doc', }, ]; interface Options { url: string; fileName: string; } const Item = memo(({ url, fileName }: Options) => { //每项都需拥有一个属于自己的 useFileDown hook const { download, cancel, progress, isDownloading } = useFileDown(url, { fileName }); return ( <div> <span style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }} onClick={download}> {fileName} </span> {isDownloading ? ( <span> {`下载中:${progress}`} <button onClick={cancel}>取消下载</button> </span> ) : ( '' )} </div> ); }); const Download = () => { return ( <div> {list.map((item, index) => ( <Item url={item.url} fileName={item.fileName} key={index} /> ))} </div> ); }; export default Download;
四、vue 实现步骤
1. 托管静态资源
前提:通过vite创建的vue项目
将静态资源文件放到public文件夹下,这样启动项目后,可直接通过http://127.0.0.1:5173/1.pdf 的方式访问到静态资源
2. 封装hook
新建hooks/useDownload.ts(新建hooks文件夹)
import { ref } from "vue"; export interface Options { fileName: string; onCompleted?: () => void; //请求完成的回调方法 onError?: (error: Error) => void; //请求失败的回调方法 } export interface FileDownReturn { download: () => void; //下载 cancel: () => void; //取消 progress: number; //下载进度百分比 isDownloading: boolean; //是否下载中 } export default function useFileDown( url: string, options: Options ): FileDownReturn { const { fileName, onCompleted, onError } = options; const progress = ref(0); const isDownloading = ref(false); const xhrRef = ref<XMLHttpRequest | null>(null); const download = () => { const xhr = (xhrRef.value = new XMLHttpRequest()); xhr.open("GET", url); //默认异步请求 xhr.responseType = "blob"; xhr.onprogress = (e) => { //判断资源长度是否可计算 if (e.lengthComputable) { const percent = Math.floor((e.loaded / e.total) * 100); progress.value = percent; } }; xhr.onload = () => { if (xhr.status === 200) { //请求资源完成,将文件内容转为blob const blob = new Blob([xhr.response], { type: "application/octet-stream", }); //通过a标签将资源下载 const link = document.createElement("a"); link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); link.download = decodeURIComponent(fileName); link.click(); window.URL.revokeObjectURL(link.href); onCompleted && onCompleted(); } else { onError && onError(new Error("下载失败")); } isDownloading.value = false; }; xhr.onerror = () => { onError && onError(new Error("下载失败")); isDownloading.value = false; }; xhrRef.value.send(); //发送请求 progress.value = 0; //每次发送时将进度重置为0 isDownloading.value = true; }; const cancel = () => { xhrRef.value?.abort(); //取消请求 isDownloading.value = false; }; return { download, cancel, progress, isDownloading, }; }
3. 使用hook
- 修改App.vue
<script setup lang="ts"> import Item from "./components/Item.vue"; const list = [ { fileName: "城市发展史起.pdf", url: " http://127.0.0.1:5173/1.pdf", type: "pdf", }, { fileName: "表格.xlsx", url: "http://127.0.0.1:5173/表格.xlsx", type: "xlsx", }, { fileName: "报告.doc", url: "http://127.0.0.1:5173/报告.doc", type: "doc", }, ]; </script> <template> <div> <div v-for="(item, index) in list" :key="index"> <Item :url="item.url" :fileName="item.fileName"<script setup lang="ts"> import useFileDown from "../hooks/useDownload.ts"; const props = defineProps<{ url: string; fileName: string }>(); const { url, fileName } = props; const { download, cancel, progress, isDownloading } = useFileDown(url, { fileName, }); </script> <template> <div> <span style="cursor: pointer" @click="download"> {{ fileName }} </span> <span v-if="isDownloading"> 下载中:{{ progress }} <button @click="cancel">取消下载</button></span > </div> </template> /> </div> </div> </template>
- 新建components/Item.vue
<script setup lang="ts"> import useFileDown from "../hooks/useDownload.ts"; const props = defineProps<{ url: string; fileName: string }>(); const { url, fileName } = props; const { download, cancel, progress, isDownloading } = useFileDown(url, { fileName, }); </script> <template> <div> <span style="cursor: pointer" @click="download"> {{ fileName }} </span> <span v-if="isDownloading"> 下载中:{{ progress }} <button @click="cancel">取消下载</button></span > </div> </template>
五、可能遇到的问题:lengthComputable为false
原因一:后端响应头没有返回Content-Length;
解决办法:让后端加上就行
原因二:开启了gzip压缩
开启gzip之后服务器默认开启文件分块编码(响应头返回Transfer-Encoding: chunked)。分块编码把「报文」分割成若干个大小已知的块,块之间是紧挨着发送的。采用这种传输方式进行响应时,不会传Content-Length这个首部信息,即使带上了也是不准确的
分别为gzip压缩,分块编码:
例如有个877k大小的js文件,网络请求的大小为247k。但是打印的e.loaded最终返回的是877k
解决方法:后端把文件大小存储到其他字段,比如:header['x-content-length']
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