Python中的descriptor描述器简明使用指南

class WebFramework(object):
  def __init__(self, name='Flask'):
    self.name = name

  def __get__(self, instance, owner):
    return self.name

  def __set__(self, instance, value):
    self.name = value


class PythonSite(object):

  webframework = WebFramework()

In [1]: PythonSite.webframework
Out[1]: 'Flask'

In [2]: PythonSite.webframework = 'Tornado'

In [3]: PythonSite.webframework
Out[3]: 'Tornado'

In [15]: webframework = WebFramework()

In [16]: webframework.__get__(webframework, WebFramework)
Out[16]: 'Flask'

class _Missing(object):
  def __repr__(self):
    return 'no value'

  def __reduce__(self):
    return '_missing'


_missing = _Missing()


class cached_property(object):
  def __init__(self, func, name=None, doc=None):
    self.__name__ = name or func.__name__
    self.__module__ = func.__module__
    self.__doc__ = doc or func.__doc__
    self.func = func

  def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
    if obj is None:
      return self
    value = obj.__dict__.get(self.__name__, _missing)
    if value is _missing:
      value = self.func(obj)
      obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
    return value


class Foo(object):
  @cached_property
  def foo(self):
    print 'first calculate'
    result = 'this is result'
    return result


f = Foo()

print f.foo  # first calculate this is result
print f.foo  # this is result