java发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程的简单实例
一.
1、写一个HttpRequestUtils工具类,包括post请求和get请求
package com.brainlong.framework.util.httpclient; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URLDecoder; public class HttpRequestUtils { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtils.class); //日志记录 /** * httpPost * @param url 路径 * @param jsonParam 参数 * @return */ public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam){ return httpPost(url, jsonParam, false); } /** * post请求 * @param url url地址 * @param jsonParam 参数 * @param noNeedResponse 不需要返回结果 * @return */ public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam, boolean noNeedResponse){ //post请求返回结果 DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); JSONObject jsonResult = null; HttpPost method = new HttpPost(url); try { if (null != jsonParam) { //解决中文乱码问题 StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8"); entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8"); entity.setContentType("application/json"); method.setEntity(entity); } HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method); url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8"); /**请求发送成功,并得到响应**/ if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { String str = ""; try { /**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/ str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity()); if (noNeedResponse) { return null; } /**把json字符串转换成json对象**/ jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e); } } } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e); } return jsonResult; } /** * 发送get请求 * @param url 路径 * @return */ public static JSONObject httpGet(String url){ //get请求返回结果 JSONObject jsonResult = null; try { DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); //发送get请求 HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); /**请求发送成功,并得到响应**/ if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { /**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/ String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); /**把json字符串转换成json对象**/ jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult); url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8"); } else { logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url); } } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url, e); } return jsonResult; }}
2、写业务代码发送Http请求
3、MVC配置文件设置Controller扫描目录
<!-- 自动扫描且只扫描@Controller --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.wiselong.multichannel" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan>
4、接收Http请求
接收post请求
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/api/platform/exceptioncenter/exceptioninfo") public class ExceptionInfoController { //注入 @Autowired private ExceptionInfoBiz exceptionInfoBiz; /** * 创建异常信息请求 * @param requestBody 请求消息内容 * @param request 请求消息头 * @return jsonObject */ @RequestMapping( value="/create", method = RequestMethod.POST ) public ModelAndView createExceptionInfo(@RequestBody String requestBody, HttpServletRequest request) { JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody); ComExceptionInfo comExceptionInfo = new ComExceptionInfo(); comExceptionInfo.setProjectName(jsonObject.getString("projectName")); comExceptionInfo.setTagName(jsonObject.getString("tagName")); exceptionInfoBiz.insert(comExceptionInfo); //返回请求结果 JSONObject result= new JSONObject(); result.put("success", "true"); return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonSuccess(result.toString())); } }
接收get请求
@Controller @RequestMapping(value="/api/platform/messagecenter/messages/sms") public class SmsController { @Autowired SmsSendBiz smsSendBiz; /** * 接收手机号码和内容往短信发送表插入一条记录 * @param requestbody 请求消息内容 * @param request 请求消息头 * @return jsonObject */ @RequestMapping( value="/send", method= RequestMethod.GET ) public ModelAndView sendSms(@RequestBody String requestbody, HttpServletRequest request) { //获取请求URL及url后面传输的参数 String url = request.getRequestURL() + "?" + request.getQueryString(); url = BuildRequestUrl.decodeUrl(url); String telePhone = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "telePhone"); String content = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "content"); smsSendBiz.insertTtMsQuequ(telePhone,content); return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonResult("", true)); } }
二.
get
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod; public class H_client_get { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // new类对象 HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); // 使用 GET 方法 与URL服务器进行交互 // HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/regist.php?email=admin@admin.com&password=1234567&re_password=1234567&username=admin&nickname=管理员"); HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login.php?username="); // 使用 GET 方法 ,实行与url服务器连接 client.executeMethod(method); // 数据流输出 // method.getResponseBodyAsStream 创建字节流对象为inputStream InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream(); // InputStreamReader(inputStream)字节流转换成字符流 BufferedReader封装成带有缓冲的字符流对象了 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8")); // StringBuffer是字符串变量,它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 创建一个空的StringBuffer类的对象 StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(); // 定义字符串常量 String str= ""; // br字符流赋值给str字符串常量 str不等于空 按行输出 while((str = br.readLine()) != null){ // StringBuffer 是字符串变量,它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 将str数据赋予 stringBuffer stringBuffer .append(str ); } // 按照字符串循环输出stringBuffer System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString()); // 关闭method 的 httpclient连接 method.releaseConnection(); } }
post
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*; public class H_client_post { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); PostMethod method = new PostMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login_post.php"); //表单域的值,既post传入的key=value NameValuePair[] date = { new NameValuePair("username","admin"),new NameValuePair("password","123457")}; //method使用表单阈值 method.setRequestBody(date); //提交表单 client.executeMethod(method); //字符流转字节流 循环输出,同get解释 InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8")); StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String str= ""; while((str = br.readLine()) != null){ stringBuffer .append(str ); } System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString()); method.releaseConnection(); } }
三.
Http协议的重要性相信不用我多说了,HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection,增加了易用性和灵活性(具体区别,日后我们再讨论),它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易,而且也方便了开发人员测试接口(基于Http协议的),即提高了开发的效率,也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容,掌握HttpClient后,相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。
一、简介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
二、特性
1. 基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。
3. 支持HTTPS协议。
4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。
8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数,同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数,发现并关闭过期的连接。
10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
16. 设置连接超时的能力。
17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。
三、使用方法
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接
四、实例
package com.test; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.KeyStoreException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.ParseException; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import org.junit.Test; public class HttpClientTest { @Test public void jUnitTest() { get(); } /** * HttpClient连接SSL */ public void ssl() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; try { KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore")); try { 54. // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray()); } catch (CertificateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { instream.close(); } catch (Exception ignore) { } } // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书 SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build(); // 只允许使用TLSv1协议 SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null, SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); // 创建http请求(get方式) HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); if (entity != null) { System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity)); EntityUtils.consume(entity); } } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyStoreException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (httpclient != null) { try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } /** * post方式提交表单(模拟用户登录请求) */ public void postForm() { // 创建默认的httpClient实例. CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建httppost HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); // 创建参数队列 List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; try { uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); } } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 */ public void post() { // 创建默认的httpClient实例. CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建httppost HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); // 创建参数队列 List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house")); UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; try { uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); } } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 发送 get请求 */ public void get() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { // 创建httpget. HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); // 执行get请求. CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); try { // 获取响应实体 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); // 打印响应状态 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); if (entity != null) { // 打印响应内容长度 System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); // 打印响应内容 System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity)); } System.out.println("------------------------------------"); } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 上传文件 */ public void upload() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action"); FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg")); StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); if (resEntity != null) { System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); } EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>
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