Vue自定义指令简介和基本使用示例

//在main.js中
Vue.directive('指令名', {
  "inserted" (el) {
    // 可以对 el 标签，扩展额外功能
    el.focus()
  }
})

//在Vue组件的配置项中
directives: {
  "指令名": {
    inserted () {
      // 可以对 el 标签，扩展额外功能
      el.focus()
    }
  }
}

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>自定义指令</h1>
    <input v-focus ref="inp" type="text">
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  // mounted () {
  //   this.$refs.inp.focus()
  // }
  // 2. 局部注册指令
  directives: {
    // 指令名：指令的配置项
    focus: {
      inserted (el) {
        el.focus()
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style>
</style>

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
// // 1. 全局注册指令
// Vue.directive('focus', {
//   // inserted 会在 指令所在的元素，被插入到页面中时触发
//   inserted (el) {
//     // el 就是指令所绑定的元素
//     // console.log(el);
//     el.focus()
//   }
// })
new Vue({
  render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')

<div v-color="color">我是内容</div>

directives: {
  color: {
    inserted (el, binding) {
      el.style.color = binding.value
    },
    update (el, binding) {
      el.style.color = binding.value
    }
  }
}

<template>
  <div>
    <h1 v-color="color1">指令的值1测试</h1>
    <h1 v-color="color2">指令的值2测试</h1>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data () {
    return {
      color1: 'red',
      color2: 'orange'
    }
  },
  directives: {
    color: {
      // 1. inserted 提供的是元素被添加到页面中时的逻辑
      inserted (el, binding) {
        // console.log(el, binding.value);
        // binding.value 就是指令的值
        el.style.color = binding.value
      },
      // 2. update 指令的值修改的时候触发，提供值变化后，dom更新的逻辑
      update (el, binding) {
        console.log('指令的值修改了');
        el.style.color = binding.value
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style>
</style>

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
  render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')

.loading:before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: #fff url("./loading.gif") no-repeat center;
}

<template>
  <div class="main">
    <div class="box" v-loading="isLoading">
      <ul>
        <li v-for="item in list" :key="item.id" class="news">
          <div class="left">
            <div class="title">{{ item.title }}</div>
            <div class="info">
              <span>{{ item.source }}</span>
              <span>{{ item.time }}</span>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="right">
            <img :src="item.img" alt="">
          </div>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="box2" v-loading="isLoading2"></div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
// 安装axios =>  yarn add axios
import axios from 'axios'
// 接口地址：http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/news
// 请求方式：get
export default {
  data () {
    return {
      list: [],
      isLoading: true,
      isLoading2: true
    }
  },
  async created () {
    // 1. 发送请求获取数据
    const res = await axios.get('http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/news')
    setTimeout(() => {
      // 2. 更新到 list 中，用于页面渲染 v-for
      this.list = res.data.data
      this.isLoading = false
    }, 2000)
  },
  directives: {
    loading: {
      inserted (el, binding) {
        binding.value ? el.classList.add('loading') : el.classList.remove('loading')
      },
      update (el, binding) {
        binding.value ? el.classList.add('loading') : el.classList.remove('loading')
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style>
.loading:before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: #fff url('./loading.gif') no-repeat center;
}
.box2 {
  width: 400px;
  height: 400px;
  border: 2px solid #000;
  position: relative;
}
.box {
  width: 800px;
  min-height: 500px;
  border: 3px solid orange;
  border-radius: 5px;
  position: relative;
}
.news {
  display: flex;
  height: 120px;
  width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 20px 0;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.news .left {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-right: 10px;
}
.news .left .title {
  font-size: 20px;
}
.news .left .info {
  color: #999999;
}
.news .left .info span {
  margin-right: 20px;
}
.news .right {
  width: 160px;
  height: 120px;
}
.news .right img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
</style>