Vue.js中集成Socket.IO实现实时聊天功能
前言
随着 Web 技术的发展,实时通信成为现代 Web 应用的重要组成部分。Socket.IO 是一个流行的库,支持及时、双向与基于事件的通信,适用于各种平台和设备。本文将介绍如何在 Vue.js 项目中集成 Socket.IO,实现一个简单的实时聊天应用。通过本文,读者将学习到如何设置服务器端和客户端的 Socket.IO 连接,以及如何处理消息的发送和接收
1. socket.io
支持及时、双向与基于事件的交流。它可以在每个平台、每个浏览器和每个设备上工作,可靠性和速度同样稳定。
1.1 创建项目 chat-example
$ npm init -y $ cnpm i express@4 -S $ cnpm i socket.io -S
// index.js const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const http = require('http'); const server = http.createServer(app); app.get('/', (req, res) => { res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>'); }); server.listen(3000, () => { console.log('listening on *:3000'); });
$ node index.js
<!-- index.html --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Socket.IO chat</title> <style> body { margin: 0; padding-bottom: 3rem; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } #form { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); padding: 0.25rem; position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; display: flex; height: 3rem; box-sizing: border-box; backdrop-filter: blur(10px); } #input { border: none; padding: 0 1rem; flex-grow: 1; border-radius: 2rem; margin: 0.25rem; } #input:focus { outline: none; } #form > button { background: #333; border: none; padding: 0 1rem; margin: 0.25rem; border-radius: 3px; outline: none; color: #fff; } #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #messages > li { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } #messages > li:nth-child(odd) { background: #efefef; } </style> </head> <body> <ul id="messages"></ul> <form id="form" action=""> <input id="input" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button> </form> </body> </html>
// index.js const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const http = require('http'); const server = http.createServer(app); app.get('/', (req, res) => { // res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>'); res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html'); }); server.listen(3000, () => { console.log('listening on *:3000'); });
// index.js const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const http = require('http'); const server = http.createServer(app); // 构建socket服务 const { Server } = require("socket.io"); const io = new Server(server); app.get('/', (req, res) => { // res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>'); res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html'); }); io.on('connection', (socket) => { console.log('a user connected'); }); server.listen(3000, () => { console.log('listening on *:3000'); });
<!-- index.html --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Socket.IO chat</title> <style> body { margin: 0; padding-bottom: 3rem; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } #form { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); padding: 0.25rem; position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; display: flex; height: 3rem; box-sizing: border-box; backdrop-filter: blur(10px); } #input { border: none; padding: 0 1rem; flex-grow: 1; border-radius: 2rem; margin: 0.25rem; } #input:focus { outline: none; } #form > button { background: #333; border: none; padding: 0 1rem; margin: 0.25rem; border-radius: 3px; outline: none; color: #fff; } #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #messages > li { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } #messages > li:nth-child(odd) { background: #efefef; } </style> </head> <body> <ul id="messages"></ul> <form id="form" action=""> <input id="input" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button> </form> </body> <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script> <script> var socket = io(); </script> </html>
// index.js const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const http = require('http'); const server = http.createServer(app); // 构建socket服务 const { Server } = require("socket.io"); const io = new Server(server); app.get('/', (req, res) => { // res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>'); res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html'); }); io.on('connection', (socket) => { console.log('a user connected'); socket.on('disconnect', () => { console.log('user disconnected'); }); }); server.listen(3000, () => { console.log('listening on *:3000'); });
<!-- index.html --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Socket.IO chat</title> <style> body { margin: 0; padding-bottom: 3rem; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } #form { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); padding: 0.25rem; position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; display: flex; height: 3rem; box-sizing: border-box; backdrop-filter: blur(10px); } #input { border: none; padding: 0 1rem; flex-grow: 1; border-radius: 2rem; margin: 0.25rem; } #input:focus { outline: none; } #form > button { background: #333; border: none; padding: 0 1rem; margin: 0.25rem; border-radius: 3px; outline: none; color: #fff; } #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #messages > li { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } #messages > li:nth-child(odd) { background: #efefef; } </style> </head> <body> <ul id="messages"></ul> <form id="form" action=""> <input id="input" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button> </form> </body> <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script> <script> var socket = io(); var form = document.getElementById('form'); var input = document.getElementById('input'); // 点击发送,向服务器发送了一个名为 chat message的事件 form.addEventListener('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if (input.value) { socket.emit('chat message', input.value); input.value = ''; } }); </script> </html>
// index.js const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const http = require('http'); const server = http.createServer(app); // 构建socket服务 const { Server } = require("socket.io"); const io = new Server(server); app.get('/', (req, res) => { // res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>'); res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html'); }); io.on('connection', (socket) => { console.log('a user connected'); socket.on('chat message', (msg) => { console.log('message: ' + msg); }); socket.on('disconnect', () => { console.log('user disconnected'); }); }); server.listen(3000, () => { console.log('listening on *:3000'); });
// index.js const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const http = require('http'); const server = http.createServer(app); // 构建socket服务 const { Server } = require("socket.io"); const io = new Server(server); app.get('/', (req, res) => { // res.send('<h1>Hello world</h1>'); res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html'); }); io.on('connection', (socket) => { console.log('a user connected'); socket.on('chat message', (msg) => { console.log('message: ' + msg); io.emit('chat message', msg); // 给前端广播接收到的消息 }); socket.on('disconnect', () => { console.log('user disconnected'); }); }); server.listen(3000, () => { console.log('listening on *:3000'); });
<!-- index.html --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Socket.IO chat</title> <style> body { margin: 0; padding-bottom: 3rem; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } #form { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); padding: 0.25rem; position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; display: flex; height: 3rem; box-sizing: border-box; backdrop-filter: blur(10px); } #input { border: none; padding: 0 1rem; flex-grow: 1; border-radius: 2rem; margin: 0.25rem; } #input:focus { outline: none; } #form > button { background: #333; border: none; padding: 0 1rem; margin: 0.25rem; border-radius: 3px; outline: none; color: #fff; } #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #messages > li { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } #messages > li:nth-child(odd) { background: #efefef; } </style> </head> <body> <ul id="messages"></ul> <form id="form" action=""> <input id="input" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button> </form> </body> <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script> <script> var socket = io(); var form = document.getElementById('form'); var input = document.getElementById('input'); // 点击发送,向服务器发送了一个名为 chat message的事件 form.addEventListener('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if (input.value) { socket.emit('chat message', input.value); input.value = ''; } }); socket.on('chat message', function(msg) { var item = document.createElement('li'); item.textContent = msg; messages.appendChild(item); window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight); }); </script> </html>
如果想要加入昵称 - 传对象
<!-- index.html --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Socket.IO chat</title> <style> body { margin: 0; padding-bottom: 3rem; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } #form { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); padding: 0.25rem; position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; display: flex; height: 3rem; box-sizing: border-box; backdrop-filter: blur(10px); } #input { border: none; padding: 0 1rem; flex-grow: 1; border-radius: 2rem; margin: 0.25rem; } #input:focus { outline: none; } #form > button { background: #333; border: none; padding: 0 1rem; margin: 0.25rem; border-radius: 3px; outline: none; color: #fff; } #messages { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #messages > li { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } #messages > li:nth-child(odd) { background: #efefef; } </style> </head> <body> <ul id="messages"></ul> <form id="form" action=""> <input id="nickname" placeholder="昵称" /> <input id="input" autocomplete="off" /><button>Send</button> </form> </body> <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script> <script> var socket = io(); var form = document.getElementById('form'); var input = document.getElementById('input'); var nickname = document.getElementById('nickname'); // 点击发送,向服务器发送了一个名为 chat message的事件 form.addEventListener('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if (input.value) { socket.emit('chat message', { name: nickname.value, value: input.value }); input.value = ''; } }); socket.on('chat message', function(msg) { var item = document.createElement('li'); item.textContent = msg.name + ':' + msg.value; messages.appendChild(item); window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight); }); </script> </html>
总结
通过本文的介绍,我们成功地在 Vue.js 项目中集成了 Socket.IO,实现了基本的实时聊天功能。我们从创建项目开始,逐步配置了 Express 和 Socket.IO 服务器,并在客户端通过 HTML 和 JavaScript 实现了消息的发送和接收。此外,我们还加入了昵称功能,使聊天更加个性化。
以上就是Vue.js中集成Socket.IO实现实时聊天功能的详细内容,更多关于Vue Socket.IO实时聊天的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章!
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