详解Java中CountDownLatch的用法
CountDownLatch使用场景
线程计数器 用于线程执行任务,计数 等待线程结束
用法一: 等待所有的事情都做完
//程序计数器 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(10000); //2个线程 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { executorService.submit(() -> { count.getAndIncrement();//自增 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + count.get()); countDownLatch.countDown(); }); } //线程池 等待10s executorService.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //关闭线程 其实是将线程状态设置为中断标志 必须等待所有线程处理完任务,才能完全关闭 executorService.shutdown(); //必须等待两个线程执行完 会一直等待下去,当然也可以设置指定时间等待超时 await(timeout); countDownLatch.await(); }
始终是2个线程在做事情,等2个线程做完事情才会停止下来。
用法二:假设2个线程做事情,刚开始并行做事情,等一个执行完成之后,另一个才能执行(实际还是计数)
//程序计数器 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); Thread thread1 =new Thread(()->{ System.out.println(" ---------------- 1 准备 ---------------- "); try { countDownLatch.await(); System.out.println(" ---------------- 1 finsh ---------------- "); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); thread1.start(); Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> { System.out.println(" ---------------- 2 准备 ---------------- "); try { Thread.sleep(1_000); System.out.println(" ---------------- 异步做事情 ---------------- "); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { countDownLatch.countDown(); } }); thread2.start(); //main 在等main 结束 死循环 Thread.currentThread().join();
刚开始一起在准备状态,然后分开做事情
用法三:退出条件
中断一个线程 count 到0
//程序计数器 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); Thread thread = Thread.currentThread(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { try { Thread.sleep(10_000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // 1 中断条件1 countDownLatch.countDown(); }); thread1.start(); countDownLatch.await(); System.out.println(" ----------------- "); }
等待时间中断
//程序计数器 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); Thread thread = Thread.currentThread(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { try { Thread.sleep(10_000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); thread1.start(); //2 中断条件3 countDownLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); System.out.println(" ----------------- "); }
就中断条件而言: 当前还可以父线程中断
//程序计数器 Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { try { Thread.sleep(10_000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // 中断条件3 thread.interrupt(); }); thread1.start(); System.out.println(" ----------------- ");
用法四: 封装结束完后通知事件
封装结束完后通知事件 参考 CyclicBarrier 通知
public class CountDownLatchTest4 extends CountDownLatch { private Runnable runnable; public CountDownLatchTest4(int count, Runnable runnable) { super(count); this.runnable = runnable; } @Override public void countDown() { super.countDown(); if (super.getCount()==0){ runnable.run(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { //程序计数器 CountDownLatchTest4 countDownLatch = new CountDownLatchTest4(1,()->{ System.out.println(" 计数结束 .... "); }); Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { try { Thread.sleep(2_000); countDownLatch.countDown(); System.out.println(" thread 1 do something "); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> { try { Thread.sleep(1_000); System.out.println(" thread 2 do something "); countDownLatch.countDown(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); countDownLatch.await(); System.out.println(" ----------------- main 结束 ----------------- "); } }
可以看到运行结束,通知事件
自定义计数器
当然我们也可以实现自己的计数器
/** * 自定义 CountDown 计数器 */ public class CountDown { //计数器 private int count = 0; private final int total; public CountDown(int total) { this.total = total; } public void countDown() { synchronized (this) { this.count++; //锁住 ++ 通知其他线程 this.notifyAll(); } } public void aWait() throws InterruptedException { synchronized (this) { while (total != count) { //不等于 则 继续等待 this.wait(); } } } }
测试
CountDown countDown = new CountDown( 5); System.out.println(" 准备多线程处理任务 "); IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(x -> { new Thread(() -> { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(" 线程开始 ----- " + Thread.currentThread().getName()); countDown.countDown(); }, x + "").start(); }); try { countDown.aWait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(" 准备多线程处理任务 结束 "); System.out.println(" ---------------------- "); System.out.println(" 结束 mian ---------- "); }
测试结果
最后
CountDownLatch 可以用来计数,可以测试任务是否执行结束
也可以用来停止一个线程,也可以用来线程运行结束完后通知事件,彼此工作的线程互相独立不关心。
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