Springboot中的异步任务执行及监控详解
前言
除了自己实现线程外,springboot本身就提供了通过注解的方式,进行异步任务的执行。
下面主要记录一下,在Springboot项目中实现异步任务,以及对异步任务进行封装监控。
1 开启异步支持
想要使用springboot的注解进行异步任务,首先要开启springboot的异步任务支持。通过集成AsyncConfigurer接口,并实现getAsyncExcutor()方法,如下所示:
package com.springboot.demo.asyncTask.conf; import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.Executor; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/30 * 配置spring boot 多线程支持 */ @Configuration @EnableAsync //开启异步任务支持 public class SpringTaskExecutor implements AsyncConfigurer { @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5); taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10); taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(20); taskExecutor.initialize(); return taskExecutor; } @Override public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() { return null; } }
通过上面方法,就可以实现Spring boot的异步任务支持。然后只需要在想要进行异步的方法前添加@Async注解就可以了,如下图所示:
package com.springboot.demo.asyncTask.service; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 * 异步任务执行器 */ @Component public class AsyncTaskExecutor { private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncTaskExecutor.class); @Async public void executor(AsyncTaskConstructor asyncTaskGenerator, String taskInfo) { LOG.info("AsyncTaskExecutor is executing async task:{}", taskInfo); asyncTaskGenerator.async(); } }
2 异步任务封装监控
2.1 封装思路
提供一个异步任务的管理器,管理器可以实现异步任务的提交、保存任务信息、获取任务信息等功能。
提供一个异步任务的监控器,用于监控异步任务执行状况,并把执行信息保存到缓存中,并记录任务执行时间。
提供一个异步任务的构造器,用于构造异步方法。
提供一个异步任务的执行器,用于执行管理器提交的使用构造器构造的异步方法。
2.2 效果展示
2.2.1 启动异步任务
2.2.2 查看任务状态
2.3 编码实现
2.3.1 conf包
主要是配置springboot的线程池,开启spring boot支持异步支持
SpringTaskExcutor.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.conf; import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.Executor; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/30 * 配置spring boot 多线程支持 */ @Configuration @EnableAsync //开启异步任务支持 public class SpringTaskExecutor implements AsyncConfigurer { @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5); taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10); taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(20); taskExecutor.initialize(); return taskExecutor; } @Override public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() { return null; } }
2.3.2 entity包
主要存放TaskInfo实例类用于保存任务信息,TaskStatusEnmu枚举类用来存放任务状态。
TaskInfo.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity; import java.util.Date; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 * 任务信息 */ public class TaskInfo { private String taskId; private TaskStatusEnum status; private Date startTime; private Date endTime; private String totalTime; public TaskStatusEnum getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(TaskStatusEnum status) { this.status = status; } public void setTotalTime(String totalTime) { this.totalTime = totalTime; } public String getTaskId() { return taskId; } public void setTaskId(String taskId) { this.taskId = taskId; } public Date getStartTime() { return startTime; } public void setStartTime(Date startTime) { this.startTime = startTime; } public Date getEndTime() { return endTime; } public void setEndTime(Date endTime) { this.endTime = endTime; } public String getTotalTime() { return totalTime; } public void setTotalTime() { this.totalTime = (this.endTime.getTime() - this.startTime.getTime()) + "ms"; } }
TaskStatusEnum.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 * 任务状态枚举 */ public enum TaskStatusEnum { STARTED(1, "任务已经启动"), RUNNING(0, "任务正在运行"), SUCCESS(2, "任务执行成功"), FAILED(-2, "任务执行失败"); private int state; private String stateInfo; TaskStatusEnum(int state, String stateInfo) { this.state = state; this.stateInfo = stateInfo; } public int getState() { return state; } public String getStateInfo() { return stateInfo; } }
2.3.3 manager包
存放要不任务的管理类和监控类
AsyncTaskManager.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.manager; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskInfo; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskStatusEnum; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service.AsyncTaskConstructor; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service.AsyncTaskExecutor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.UUID; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 * 异步任务管理器 */ @Component public class AsyncTaskManager { private Map<String, TaskInfo> taskContainer = new HashMap<>(16); @Autowired AsyncTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor; /** * 初始化任务 * * @return taskInfo */ public TaskInfo initTask() { TaskInfo taskInfo = new TaskInfo(); taskInfo.setTaskId(getTaskId()); taskInfo.setStatus(TaskStatusEnum.STARTED); taskInfo.setStartTime(new Date()); setTaskInfo(taskInfo); return taskInfo; } /** * 初始化任务 * @param asyncTaskConstructor 异步任务构造器 * @return taskInfo */ public TaskInfo submit(AsyncTaskConstructor asyncTaskConstructor) { TaskInfo info = initTask(); String taskId = info.getTaskId(); asyncTaskExecutor.executor(asyncTaskConstructor,taskId); return info; } /** * 保存任务信息 * * @param taskInfo 任务信息 */ public void setTaskInfo(TaskInfo taskInfo) { taskContainer.put(taskInfo.getTaskId(), taskInfo); } /** * 获取任务信息 * * @param taskId 任务ID * @return */ public TaskInfo getTaskInfo(String taskId) { return taskContainer.get(taskId); } /** * 获取任务状态 * * @param taskId 任务ID * @return */ public TaskStatusEnum getTaskStatus(String taskId) { return getTaskInfo(taskId).getStatus(); } /** * 生成任务ID * * @return taskId */ public String getTaskId() { return UUID.randomUUID().toString(); } }
AsyncTaskMonitor.java
异步任务的监控主要是利用了spring的AOP面向切面,在异步方法的执行前和执行后进行监控,判断任务状态,并记录任务信息。
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.manager; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskInfo; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskStatusEnum; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 * 异步任务监控 */ @Component @Aspect public class AsyncTaskMonitor { @Autowired AsyncTaskManager manager; private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncTaskMonitor.class); @Around("execution(* com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service.AsyncTaskExecutor.*(..))") public void taskHandle(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) { //获取taskId String taskId = pjp.getArgs()[1].toString(); //获取任务信息 TaskInfo taskInfo = manager.getTaskInfo(taskId); LOG.info("AsyncTaskMonitor is monitoring async task:{}", taskId); taskInfo.setStatus(TaskStatusEnum.RUNNING); manager.setTaskInfo(taskInfo); TaskStatusEnum status = null; try { pjp.proceed(); status = TaskStatusEnum.SUCCESS; } catch (Throwable throwable) { status = TaskStatusEnum.FAILED; LOG.error("AsyncTaskMonitor:async task {} is failed.Error info:{}", taskId, throwable.getMessage()); } taskInfo.setEndTime(new Date()); taskInfo.setStatus(status); taskInfo.setTotalTime(); manager.setTaskInfo(taskInfo); } }
2.3.4 service包
主要存放异步任务的方法构造器和执行器。
AsyncTaskConstructor
通过该接口可以构建想要实现的异步方法。只要new 一下接口实例,然后重写李曼的async()方法即可。
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 * 异步任务构造器 */ public interface AsyncTaskConstructor { public void async(); }
AsyncTaskExecutor.java
异步任务执行器
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 * 异步任务执行器 */ @Component public class AsyncTaskExecutor { private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncTaskExecutor.class); @Async public void executor(AsyncTaskConstructor asyncTaskGenerator, String taskInfo) { LOG.info("AsyncTaskExecutor is executing async task:{}", taskInfo); asyncTaskGenerator.async(); } }
3 应用
实现两个接口,一个是开启一个异步任务,另一个是查看任务状态。
想要使用我们刚才分装好的异步任务,只需要将AsyncTaskManager注入到程序中。
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.orchestrations.controller; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskInfo; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.manager.AsyncTaskManager; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.common.rest.RestMessage; import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.common.util.RestMessageUtil; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * Created by shirukai on 2018/7/31 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "/api/v1/asynctask") public class AsyncTaskController { //注入异步任务管理器 @Autowired AsyncTaskManager asyncTaskManager; @RequestMapping(value = "/startTask", method = RequestMethod.GET) public RestMessage startAsyncTask() { //调用任务管理器中的submit去提交一个异步任务 TaskInfo taskInfo = asyncTaskManager.submit(() -> { System.out.println("__________"); try { //模拟异步,睡眠6秒 Thread.sleep(30000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("__________"); }); return RestMessageUtil.objectToRestMessage(taskInfo); } @RequestMapping(value = "/getTaskStatus", method = RequestMethod.GET) public RestMessage getTaskStatus( @RequestParam("taskId") String taskId) { return RestMessageUtil.objectToRestMessage(asyncTaskManager.getTaskInfo(taskId)); } }
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