SpringBoot动态定时任务、动态Bean、动态路由详解
1 动态定时任务
之前用过Spring中的定时任务,通过@Scheduled注解就能快速的注册一个定时任务,但有的时候,我们业务上需要动态创建,或者根据配置文件、数据库里的配置去创建定时任务。这里有两种思路,一种是自己实现定时任务调度器或者第三方任务调度器如Quartz,另一种是使用Spring内置的定时任务调度器ThreadPoolTaskScheduler,其实很简单,从IOC容器中拿到对应的Bean,然后去注册定时任务即可。下面以动态管理cron任务为例介绍具体的实现方案。
1.1 定义CronTask实体
package org.example.dynamic.timed; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture; /** * 定时任务 * * @author shirukai */ public class CronTask { private String id; private String cronExpression; private ScheduledFuture<?> future; private Runnable runnable; public String getId() { return id; } public String getCronExpression() { return cronExpression; } public ScheduledFuture<?> getFuture() { return future; } public Runnable getRunnable() { return runnable; } public void setFuture(ScheduledFuture<?> future) { this.future = future; } public static final class Builder { private String id; private String cronExpression; private ScheduledFuture<?> future; private Runnable runnable; private Builder() { } public static Builder aCronTask() { return new Builder(); } public Builder setId(String id) { this.id = id; return this; } public Builder setCronExpression(String cronExpression) { this.cronExpression = cronExpression; return this; } public Builder setFuture(ScheduledFuture<?> future) { this.future = future; return this; } public Builder setRunnable(Runnable runnable) { this.runnable = runnable; return this; } public CronTask build() { CronTask cronTask = new CronTask(); cronTask.id = this.id; cronTask.cronExpression = this.cronExpression; cronTask.future = this.future; cronTask.runnable = this.runnable; return cronTask; } } }
1.2 实现动态任务调度器
该部分主要是获取调度器实例,然后实现注册、取消、获取列表的方法。
package org.example.dynamic.timed; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler; import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture; /** * 动态定时任务调度器 * * @author shirukai */ @Component @EnableScheduling public class CronTaskScheduler { @Autowired private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler scheduler; private final Map<String, CronTask> tasks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16); /** * 注册定时任务 * * @param task 任务的具体实现 * @param expression cron表达式 * @return cronTask */ public CronTask register(Runnable task, String expression) { final CronTrigger trigger = new CronTrigger(expression); ScheduledFuture<?> future = scheduler.schedule(task, trigger); final String taskId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); CronTask cronTask = CronTask.Builder .aCronTask() .setId(taskId) .setCronExpression(expression) .setFuture(future) .setRunnable(task) .build(); tasks.put(taskId, cronTask); return cronTask; } /** * 取消定时任务 * * @param taskId 任务ID */ public void cancel(String taskId) { if (tasks.containsKey(taskId)) { CronTask task = tasks.get(taskId); task.getFuture().cancel(true); tasks.remove(taskId); } } /** * 更新定时任务 * * @param taskId 任务ID * @param expression cron表达式 * @return cronTask */ public CronTask update(String taskId, String expression) { if (tasks.containsKey(taskId)) { CronTask task = tasks.get(taskId); task.getFuture().cancel(true); final CronTrigger trigger = new CronTrigger(expression); ScheduledFuture<?> future = scheduler.schedule(task.getRunnable(), trigger); task.setFuture(future); tasks.put(taskId, task); return task; } else { return null; } } /** * 获取任务列表 * * @return List<CronTrigger> */ public List<CronTask> getAllTasks() { return new ArrayList<>(tasks.values()); } }
1.3 单元测试
定时任务的单元测试不好测试,这里首先实现一个需要被执行的任务,任务中会有一个CountDownLatch实例,主线程会等待countDown()方法执行,说明定时任务被调度了,如果超时未执行,说明定时任务未生效,此外还会定义一个AtomicInteger的计数器用来统计调用次数。具体的单元测试代码如下:
package org.example.dynamic.timed; import org.junit.jupiter.api.MethodOrderer; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Order; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestMethodOrder; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.util.Assert; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * @author shirukai */ @SpringBootTest @TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class) class CronTaskSchedulerTest { @Autowired private CronTaskScheduler scheduler; final private static AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(); final private static CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); private static CronTask task; public static class CronTaskRunnable implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("The scheduled task is executed."); final int count = counter.incrementAndGet(); if (count <= 1) { latch.countDown(); } } } @Test @Order(1) void register() throws InterruptedException { CronTaskSchedulerTest.task = scheduler.register(new CronTaskRunnable(), "* * * * * ?"); boolean down = latch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Assert.isTrue(down, "The scheduled task is not executed within 2 seconds."); } @Test @Order(4) void cancel() throws InterruptedException { if(CronTaskSchedulerTest.task!=null){ int minCount = counter.get(); scheduler.cancel(CronTaskSchedulerTest.task.getId()); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); int maxCount = counter.get(); int deltaCount = maxCount - minCount; Assert.isTrue(deltaCount <= 1, "The scheduled task has not been cancelled."); } } @Test @Order(2) void update() throws InterruptedException { if (CronTaskSchedulerTest.task != null) { int minCount = counter.get(); CronTaskSchedulerTest.task = scheduler.update(CronTaskSchedulerTest.task.getId(), "*/2 * * * * ?"); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); int maxCount = counter.get(); int deltaCount = maxCount - minCount; Assert.isTrue(deltaCount <= 1, "The scheduled task has not been update."); } } @Test @Order(3) void getAllTasks() { int count = scheduler.getAllTasks().size(); Assert.isTrue(count==1,"Failed to get all tasks."); } }
2 动态Bean
动态Bean的场景一开始是为了动态注册路由(Controller),后来发现直接创建实例也可以注册路由,不过这里也还要记录一下,后面很多场景可能会用到。
2.1 SpringBeanUtils
这里封装了一个utils用来获取IOC容器中的Bean或者动态注册Bean到IOC中,实现很简单从ApplicationContext中获取BeanFactory,就可以注册Bean了,ApplicationContext通过getBean就可以获取Bean
package org.example.dynamic.bean; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Spirng Bean动态注入 * * @author shirukai */ @Component public class SpringBeanUtils implements ApplicationContextAware { private static ConfigurableApplicationContext context; @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { SpringBeanUtils.context = (ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext; } public static void register(String name, Object bean) { context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton(name, bean); } public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) { return context.getBean(clazz); } }
2.2 单元测试
创建一个静态内部类,用来注册Bean,然后通过工具类中的register和getBean方法来验证。
package org.example.dynamic.bean; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.util.Assert; import java.util.Objects; /** * @author shirukai */ @SpringBootTest class SpringBeanUtilsTest { public static class BeanTest { public String hello() { return "hello"; } } @Test void register() { SpringBeanUtils.register("beanTest",new BeanTest()); BeanTest beanTest = SpringBeanUtils.getBean(BeanTest.class); Assert.isTrue(Objects.equals(beanTest.hello(),"hello"),""); } }
3 动态路由Controller
动态路由这个场景是因为项目中有个调用外部接口的单元测试,我又不想用mock方法,就想真实的测试一下HTTP请求的过程。一种是通过@RestController暴露一个接口,另一种就是动态注册路由。
3.1 SpringRouterUtils
动态注册controller实现很假单,通过RequestMappingHandlerMapping实例的registerMapping方法注册即可。
package org.example.dynamic.router; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.RequestMappingInfo; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping; import java.lang.reflect.Method; /** * 路由注册 * @author shirukai */ @Component public class SpringRouterUtils implements ApplicationContextAware { private static RequestMappingHandlerMapping mapping; @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { SpringRouterUtils.mapping = applicationContext.getBean(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.class); } public static void register(RequestMappingInfo mapping, Object handler, Method method){ SpringRouterUtils.mapping.registerMapping(mapping,handler,method); } }
3.2 单元测试
创建一个内部类用来定义Controller层,然你后通过构造RequestMappingInfo来定义请求路径及方法。
package org.example.dynamic.router; import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Form; import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Request; import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Response; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource; import org.springframework.util.Assert; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.RequestMappingInfo; import org.springframework.web.util.pattern.PathPatternParser; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.Objects; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; /** * @author shirukai */ @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT) @TestPropertySource(properties = {"server.port=21199"}) class SpringRouterUtilsTest { public static class ExampleController { @ResponseBody public String hello(String name) { return "hi," + name; } } @Test void register() throws Exception { RequestMappingInfo.BuilderConfiguration options = new RequestMappingInfo.BuilderConfiguration(); options.setPatternParser(new PathPatternParser()); RequestMappingInfo mappingInfo = RequestMappingInfo .paths("/api/v1/hi") .methods(RequestMethod.POST) .options(options) .build(); Method method = ExampleController.class.getDeclaredMethod("hello", String.class); SpringRouterUtils.register(mappingInfo, new ExampleController(), method); Response response = Request.Post("http://127.0.0.1:21199/api/v1/hi") .bodyForm(Form.form().add("name", "xiaoming").build()) .execute(); Assert.isTrue(Objects.equals(response.returnContent().asString(), "hi,xiaoming"),""); } }
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