C#使用CryptoStream类加密和解密字符串的实现
在使用CryptoStream前要先引用命名空间using System.Security.Cryptography。
一、CrytoStream的加密方法
记住,不能再使用DESCryptoServiceProvider().CreateEncryptor()创建加密流,因为它已经被微软废弃了。会提示“SYSLIB0021:派生加密类型已过时”,编译也过不去。
SYSLIB0021 警告 - .NET | Microsoft Learn
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/fundamentals/syslib-diagnostics/syslib0021
解决办法:把DESCryptoServiceProvider().CreateEncryptor()替换为DES.Create()。
internal static string ToEncrypt(string encryptKey, string str) { try { byte[] byte_key = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(encryptKey); //将密钥字符串转换为字节序列 byte[] byte_data = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str); //将字符串转换为字节序列 using var des = DES.Create(); //创建加密流对象 using var memory_stream = new MemoryStream(); //创建内存流对象 using var crypto_stream = new CryptoStream(memory_stream, des. CreateEncryptor(byte_key, byte_key), CryptoStreamMode.Write); //创建加密流对象 crypto_stream.Write(byte_data, 0, byte_data.Length); //向加密流中写入字节序列 crypto_stream.FlushFinalBlock(); //将数据压入基础流 crypto_stream.Close(); //关闭加密流 memory_stream.Close(); //关闭内存流 return Convert.ToBase64String(memory_stream.ToArray()); //从内存流中获取并返回加密后的字符串 } catch (CryptographicException ce) { throw new Exception(ce.Message); } }
二、CrytoStream的解密方法
与加密方法具有相同的注意事项。
internal static string ToDecrypt(string encryptKey, string str) { try { byte[] byte_key = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(encryptKey); //将密钥字符串转换为字节序列 byte[] byte_data = Convert.FromBase64String(str); //将加密后的字符串转换为字节序列 using var des = DES.Create(); //创建加密流对象 using var memory_stream = new MemoryStream(byte_data); //创建内存流对象并写入数据 using var crypto_stream = new CryptoStream(memory_stream, des. CreateDecryptor(byte_key, byte_key), CryptoStreamMode.Read); //创建加密流对象 byte[] bt_temp = new byte[200]; //创建字节序列对象 MemoryStream memory_stream_temp = new(); //创建内存流对象 int i = 0; //创建记数器 while ((i = crypto_stream.Read(bt_temp, 0, bt_temp.Length)) > 0) //使用while循环得到解密数据 { memory_stream_temp.Write(bt_temp, 0, i); //将解密后的数据放入内存流 } crypto_stream.Close(); //关闭加密流 memory_stream.Close(); //关闭内存流 return Encoding.Unicode.GetString(memory_stream_temp.ToArray()); //方法返回解密后的字符串 } catch (CryptographicException ce) { throw new Exception(ce.Message); } }
三、实例
对字符串加密、解密的实例,秘钥=4位数字。
1.源码Form1.cs
// 使用CryptoStream类加密和解密字符串 namespace _046 { public partial class Form1 : Form { private GroupBox? groupBox1; private GroupBox? groupBox2; private Button? button1; private TextBox? textBox3; private TextBox? textBox2; private TextBox? textBox1; private Label? label3; private Label? label2; private Label? label1; private Button? button2; private TextBox? textBox6; private Label? label4; private Label? label5; private Label? label6; private TextBox? textBox4; private TextBox? textBox5; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); Load += Form1_Load; } private void Form1_Load(object? sender, EventArgs e) { // // button1 // button1 = new Button { Location = new Point(369, 89), Name = "button1", Size = new Size(75, 23), TabIndex = 6, Text = "加密", UseVisualStyleBackColor = true }; button1.Click += Button1_Click; // // textBox3 // textBox3 = new TextBox { Location = new Point(12, 136), Multiline = true, Name = "textBox3", Size = new Size(432, 46), TabIndex = 5 }; // // textBox2 // textBox2 = new TextBox { Location = new Point(119, 89), Name = "textBox2", Size = new Size(244, 23), TabIndex = 4 }; // // textBox1 // textBox1 = new TextBox { Location = new Point(11, 41), Multiline = true, Name = "textBox1", Size = new Size(433, 46), TabIndex = 3 }; // // label3 // label3 = new Label { AutoSize = true, Location = new Point(11, 114), Name = "label3", Size = new Size(92, 17), TabIndex = 2, Text = "加密后字符串:" }; // // label2 // label2 = new Label { AutoSize = true, Location = new Point(11, 92), Name = "label2", Size = new Size(81, 17), TabIndex = 1, Text = "4bit加密秘钥:" }; // // label1 // label1 = new Label { AutoSize = true, Location = new Point(11, 19), Name = "label1", Size = new Size(92, 17), TabIndex = 0, Text = "加密前字符串:" }; // // groupBox1 // groupBox1 = new GroupBox { Location = new Point(12, 12), Name = "groupBox1", Size = new Size(450, 188), TabIndex = 0, TabStop = false, Text = "加密" }; groupBox1.Controls.Add(button1); groupBox1.Controls.Add(textBox3); groupBox1.Controls.Add(textBox2); groupBox1.Controls.Add(textBox1); groupBox1.Controls.Add(label3); groupBox1.Controls.Add(label2); groupBox1.Controls.Add(label1); groupBox1.SuspendLayout(); // // button2 // button2 = new Button { Location = new Point(369, 89), Name = "button2", Size = new Size(75, 23), TabIndex = 13, Text = "解密", UseVisualStyleBackColor = true }; button2.Click += Button2_Click; // // textBox6 // textBox6 = new TextBox { Location = new Point(12, 136), Multiline = true, Name = "textBox6", Size = new Size(433, 46), TabIndex = 12 }; // // label4 // label4 = new Label { AutoSize = true, Location = new Point(12, 19), Name = "label4", Size = new Size(92, 17), TabIndex = 7, Text = "解密前字符串:" }; // // label5 // label5 = new Label { AutoSize = true, Location = new Point(12, 92), Name = "label5", Size = new Size(90, 17), TabIndex = 8, Text = "4bit解密密钥:" }; // // label6 // label6 = new Label { AutoSize = true, Location = new Point(12, 114), Name = "label6", Size = new Size(92, 17), TabIndex = 9, Text = "解密后字符串:" }; // // textBox4 // textBox4 = new TextBox { Location = new Point(12, 41), Multiline = true, Name = "textBox4", Size = new Size(432, 46), TabIndex = 10 }; // // textBox5 // textBox5 = new TextBox { Location = new Point(119, 89), Name = "textBox5", Size = new Size(244, 23), TabIndex = 11 }; // // groupBox2 // groupBox2 = new GroupBox { Location = new Point(12, 206), Name = "groupBox2", Size = new Size(450, 188), TabIndex = 0, TabStop = false, Text = "解密" }; groupBox2.Controls.Add(button2); groupBox2.Controls.Add(textBox6); groupBox2.Controls.Add(label4); groupBox2.Controls.Add(label5); groupBox2.Controls.Add(label6); groupBox2.Controls.Add(textBox4); groupBox2.Controls.Add(textBox5); groupBox2.SuspendLayout(); // // Form1 // AutoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(7F, 17F); AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font; ClientSize = new Size(474, 406); Controls.Add(groupBox2); Controls.Add(groupBox1); Name = "Form1"; StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen; Text = "用CryptoStream类加密和解密字符串"; groupBox1.ResumeLayout(false); groupBox1.PerformLayout(); groupBox2.ResumeLayout(false); groupBox2.PerformLayout(); ResumeLayout(false); } private void Button1_Click(object? sender, EventArgs e) { if (textBox2!.Text.Length == 4) //判断加密密钥长度是否正确 { try { textBox3!.Text = //调用实例ToEncrypt方法得到加密后的字符串 Encrypt.ToEncrypt(textBox2.Text, textBox1!.Text); } catch (Exception ex) //捕获异常 { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);//输出异常信息 } } else { MessageBox.Show("密钥长度不符!", "提示");//提示用户输入密钥长度不正确 } } private void Button2_Click(object? sender, EventArgs e) { if (textBox5!.Text.Length == 4) //判断加密密钥长度是否正确 { try { textBox6!.Text = //调用ToDecrypt方法得到解密后的字符串 Encrypt.ToDecrypt(textBox5.Text, textBox4!.Text); } catch (Exception ex) //捕获异常 { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); //输出异常信息 } } else { MessageBox.Show("密钥长度不符!", "提示");//提示用户输入密钥长度不正确 } } } }
2.类库Encrypt.cs
using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; namespace _046 { internal class Encrypt { internal static string ToEncrypt(string encryptKey, string str) { try { byte[] byte_key = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(encryptKey);//将密钥字符串转换为字节序列 byte[] byte_data = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str); //将字符串转换为字节序列 using var des = DES.Create(); //创建加密流对象 using var memory_stream = new MemoryStream(); //创建内存流对象 using var crypto_stream = new CryptoStream(memory_stream, des. CreateEncryptor(byte_key, byte_key), CryptoStreamMode.Write); //创建加密流对象 crypto_stream.Write(byte_data, 0, byte_data.Length); //向加密流中写入字节序列 crypto_stream.FlushFinalBlock(); //将数据压入基础流 crypto_stream.Close(); //关闭加密流 memory_stream.Close(); //关闭内存流 return Convert.ToBase64String(memory_stream.ToArray()); //从内存流中获取并返回加密后的字符串 } catch (CryptographicException ce) { throw new Exception(ce.Message); } } internal static string ToDecrypt(string encryptKey, string str) { try { byte[] byte_key = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(encryptKey); //将密钥字符串转换为字节序列 byte[] byte_data = Convert.FromBase64String(str); //将加密后的字符串转换为字节序列 using var des = DES.Create(); //创建加密流对象 using var memory_stream = new MemoryStream(byte_data); //创建内存流对象并写入数据 using var crypto_stream = new CryptoStream(memory_stream, des. CreateDecryptor(byte_key, byte_key), CryptoStreamMode.Read);//创建加密流对象 byte[] bt_temp = new byte[200]; //创建字节序列对象 MemoryStream memory_stream_temp = new(); //创建内存流对象 int i = 0; //创建记数器 while ((i = crypto_stream.Read(bt_temp, 0, bt_temp.Length)) > 0)//使用while循环得到解密数据 { memory_stream_temp.Write(bt_temp, 0, i);//将解密后的数据放入内存流 } crypto_stream.Close(); //关闭加密流 memory_stream.Close(); //关闭内存流 return Encoding.Unicode.GetString(memory_stream_temp.ToArray());//方法返回解密后的字符串 } catch (CryptographicException ce) { throw new Exception(ce.Message); } } } }
3.生成效果
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