SpringBoot创建动态定时任务的几种方式小结
一、使用 @Scheduled 注解
@Scheduled 是 Spring 提供的一个注解,用于标记需要定时执行的方法。常见的属性包括:
- cron :通过 Cron 表达式定义任务的执行时间。
- fixedRate :定义任务的固定执行频率,以毫秒为单位。
- fixedDelay :定义任务在前一次执行完毕后延迟多少毫秒再执行。
代码示例:
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class ScheduledTasks { @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 * * * ?") // 每小时整点执行一次 public void reportCurrentTime() { System.out.println("现在时间:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); } @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000) // 每5秒执行一次 public void fixedRateTask() { System.out.println("每5秒执行一次任务:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); } @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 7000) // 前一次执行完毕后延迟7秒执行 public void fixedDelayTask() { System.out.println("延迟7秒后执行任务:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); } }
@Scheduled 适用于大多数简单的定时任务场景,如定时发送邮件或生成报告等。然而,它的灵活性较差,对于复杂的任务调度需求,或需要动态调整任务时间的场景,可能并不适用。
二、使用 SchedulingConfigurer 接口
SchedulingConfigurer 接口允许我们通过编程方式配置任务调度器(TaskScheduler)。通过实现这个接口,我们可以灵活地设置任务的调度规则,甚至动态地添加或移除任务。
简单使用代码:
public class TaskConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer { @Override public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegistrar) { scheduledTaskRegistrar.addTriggerTask( //1.添加任务内容(Runnable) () -> System.out.println("执行定时任务2: " + LocalDateTime.now().toLocalTime()), //2.设置执行周期(Trigger) triggerContext -> { //2.1 从数据库获取执行周期 String cron = zhyMapper.getCron(); //2.2 合法性校验. if (StringUtils.isEmpty(cron)) { // Omitted Code .. } //2.3 返回执行周期(Date) return new CronTrigger(cron).nextExecutionTime(triggerContext); } ); } }
详细增删该查操作:
- 动态注册bean
public class ApplicationContextUtils implements ApplicationContextAware { private static ApplicationContext CONTEXT; /** * 设置spring上下文 * @param ctx spring上下文 * @throws BeansException * */ @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException { CONTEXT = ctx; } /** * 获取容器 * @return */ public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() { return CONTEXT; } /** * 获取容器对象 * @param type * @param <T> * @return */ public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> type) { return CONTEXT.getBean(type); } public static <T> T getBean(String name,Class<T> clazz){ return CONTEXT.getBean(name, clazz); } public static Object getBean(String name){ return CONTEXT.getBean(name); } /** * springboot动态注册bean * @param clazz * @param <T> * @return */ public static <T> T register(Class<T> clazz) { ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext = (ConfigurableApplicationContext) ApplicationContextUtils.getApplicationContext(); DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) configurableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory(); BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(clazz); if(defaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(clazz).length > 0) { return defaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(clazz); } defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition(clazz.getName(), beanDefinitionBuilder.getRawBeanDefinition()); return (T) ApplicationContextUtils.getBean(clazz.getName()); } }
- 任务实体
public class Job { /** * 任务id, 用于标识,默认使用全限定类名 */ private String jobId; /** * 任务名称, 默认简单类名 */ private String jobName; /** * cron表达式, 修改后即可生效 */ private String cron; /** * 任务描述 */ private String description; /** * 是否启用, 默认启用, 修改后即可生效 */ private boolean enable = true; /** * 是否处于等待执行下个任务的状态 */ private boolean active; /** * 任务运行类 */ private Class<? extends Runnable> clazz; }
- 操作类
public class JobHandler { private ScheduledTask scheduledTask; private TriggerTask triggerTask; private TriggerContext triggerContext; }
- 配置SchedulingConfigurer
public class JobSchedulingConfigurer implements SchedulingConfigurer { private ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar; /** * 线程池任务调度器 */ @Bean public TaskScheduler taskScheduler() { ThreadPoolTaskScheduler scheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler(); scheduler.setPoolSize(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 3 + 1); scheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("TaskScheduler-"); scheduler.setRemoveOnCancelPolicy(true); // 保证能立刻丢弃运行中的任务 taskScheduler = scheduler; // 获取 句柄,方便后期获取 future return scheduler; } @Override public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegistrar) { scheduledTaskRegistrar.setTaskScheduler(taskScheduler()); this.registrar = scheduledTaskRegistrar; } public ScheduledTaskRegistrar getRegistrar() { return registrar; } public void setRegistrar(ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar) { this.registrar = registrar; } }
- 增删改查
public class SchedulerManager { /** * 任务容器 */ private Map<Job, JobHandler> tasks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); /** * 任务注册 */ @Autowired private JobSchedulingConfigurer register; /** * 新增任务, 自生效 * @param job 任务实体 * @return 返回新增的任务 */ public Job addJob(Job job) { Assert.notNull(job, "job can't be null"); ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = register.getRegistrar(); Runnable runnable = ApplicationContextUtils.register(job.getClazz()); if(job.getJobId() == null || "".equals(job.getJobId())) { job.setJobId(job.getClazz().getName()); } Assert.isNull(this.getJob(job.getJobId()), "任务[" + job.getJobId() + "]已存在"); if(job.getJobName() == null || "".equals(job.getJobName())) { job.setJobName(ClassUtils.getShortName(job.getClazz())); } CronExpress cron = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(job.getClazz(), CronExpress.class); if(cron != null && !"".equals(cron.value())) { // 注解的属性,大于配置的属性,方便调试 job.setCron(cron.value()); } job.setEnable(true); job.setActive(true); JobHandler entity = new JobHandler(); TriggerTask triggerTask = new TriggerTask(runnable, (TriggerContext triggerContext) -> { // 每次任务执行均会进入此方法 CronTrigger trigger = new CronTrigger(job.getCron()); entity.setTriggerContext(triggerContext); return job.isEnable() ? trigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext) : null; }); ScheduledTask scheduledTask = registrar.scheduleTriggerTask(triggerTask); entity.setScheduledTask(scheduledTask); entity.setTriggerTask(triggerTask); tasks.put(job, entity); return job; } /** * 任务类(必须标注了@CronExpress注解,且实现了Runnable接口) * @param clazz 接口类 * @return 任务对象 */ public Job addJob(Class<? extends Runnable> clazz) { Job job = new Job(); job.setClazz(clazz); return this.addJob(job); } /** * 获取任务操作对象 * @param jobId 任务id * @return 任务操作对象 */ public JobHandler getJobHandler(String jobId) { return tasks.get(new Job(jobId)); } /** * 根据任务id获取任务 * @param jobId 任务id * @return 任务实体 */ public Job getJob(String jobId) { Assert.hasText(jobId, "jobId can't be null"); Set<Job> jobs = tasks.keySet(); if(jobs.size() == 0) { return null; } Iterator<Job> iterator = jobs.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Job next = iterator.next(); if(jobId.equals(next.getJobId())) { return next; } } return null; } /** * 关闭任务(若任务正在执行,待任务执行完) * @param jobId 任务id * @return 是否关闭成功 */ public boolean shutDown(String jobId) { try { JobHandler handler = this.getJobHandler(jobId); Assert.notNull(handler, "任务[" + jobId + "]不存在"); handler.getScheduledTask().cancel(); Job job = getJob(jobId); job.setActive(false); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } /** * 启动已经注册的任务 * @param jobId 任务id * @return 是否成功启动 */ public boolean startUp(String jobId) { try { JobHandler handler = this.getJobHandler(jobId); Assert.notNull(handler, "任务[" + jobId + "]不存在"); register.getRegistrar().scheduleTriggerTask(handler.getTriggerTask()); Job job = getJob(jobId); job.setActive(true); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } /** * 获取所有的任务实体 * @return */ public List<Job> getJobs() { return new ArrayList<>(tasks.keySet()); } /** * 删除任务,先关闭再删除 * @param jobId * @return */ public boolean deleteJob(String jobId) { try { Job job = this.getJob(jobId); Assert.notNull(job, "任务[" + jobId + "]不存在"); shutDown(jobId); tasks.remove(job); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } }
- 任务运行类
@CronExpress("0/1 * * * * *") public class HelloJob implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("hello msg" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } }
- 测试
ConfigurableApplicationContext ctx = SpringApplication.run(UnifiedTaskScheduleStarterApplication.class, args); SchedulerManager schedulerManager = ctx.getBean(SchedulerManager.class); Job job = schedulerManager.addJob(com.github.softwarevax.web.HelloJob.class); schedulerManager.shutDown(job.getJobId());
三、使用 TaskScheduler
TaskScheduler 是Spring提供的用于调度任务的核心接口。通过 TaskScheduler,你可以灵活地安排任务的执行时间,并且可以在运行时动态地创建、取消任务。
代码示例简单使用:
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler; @Configuration public class TaskSchedulerConfig { @Bean public TaskScheduler taskScheduler() { ThreadPoolTaskScheduler scheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler(); scheduler.setPoolSize(5); scheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("MyScheduler-"); return scheduler; } }
在使用 TaskScheduler 时,可以通过 schedule 方法动态安排任务:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; @Component public class DynamicTask { @Autowired private TaskScheduler taskScheduler; public void scheduleTask() { taskScheduler.schedule(() -> System.out.println("动态任务执行:" + System.currentTimeMillis()), new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000)); } }
spring boot使用TaskScheduler实现动态增删启停定时任务
- SchedulingConfig:添加执行定时任务的线程池配置类
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler; @Configuration public class SchedulingConfig { @Bean public TaskScheduler taskScheduler() { ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler(); // 定时任务执行线程池核心线程数 taskScheduler.setPoolSize(4); taskScheduler.setRemoveOnCancelPolicy(true); taskScheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("TaskSchedulerThreadPool-"); return taskScheduler; } }
- ScheduledTask:添加ScheduledFuture的包装类
ScheduledFuture是ScheduledExecutorService定时任务线程池的执行结果。
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture; public final class ScheduledTask { volatile ScheduledFuture<?> future; /** * 取消定时任务 */ public void cancel() { ScheduledFuture<?> future = this.future; if (future != null) { future.cancel(true); } } }
- SchedulingRunnable:添加Runnable接口实现类
添加Runnable接口实现类,被定时任务线程池调用,用来执行指定bean里面的方法
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.Objects; public class SchedulingRunnable implements Runnable { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SchedulingRunnable.class); private final String beanName; private final String methodName; private final String params; public SchedulingRunnable(String beanName, String methodName) { this(beanName, methodName, null); } public SchedulingRunnable(String beanName, String methodName, String params) { this.beanName = beanName; this.methodName = methodName; this.params = params; } @Override public void run() { logger.info("定时任务开始执行 - bean:{},方法:{},参数:{}", beanName, methodName, params); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { Object target = SpringContextUtils.getBean(beanName); Method method = null; if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) { method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName, String.class); } else { method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName); } ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method); if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) { method.invoke(target, params); } else { method.invoke(target); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.error(String.format("定时任务执行异常 - bean:%s,方法:%s,参数:%s ", beanName, methodName, params), ex); } long times = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; logger.info("定时任务执行结束 - bean:{},方法:{},参数:{},耗时:{} 毫秒", beanName, methodName, params, times); } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; SchedulingRunnable that = (SchedulingRunnable) o; if (params == null) { return beanName.equals(that.beanName) && methodName.equals(that.methodName) && that.params == null; } return beanName.equals(that.beanName) && methodName.equals(that.methodName) && params.equals(that.params); } @Override public int hashCode() { if (params == null) { return Objects.hash(beanName, methodName); } return Objects.hash(beanName, methodName, params); } }
- CronTaskRegistrar:添加定时任务注册类,用来增加、删除定时任务
import com.example.testspringboot.cron.ScheduleResult; import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler; import org.springframework.scheduling.config.CronTask; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * 添加定时任务注册类,用来增加、删除定时任务。 */ @Component public class CronTaskRegistrar implements DisposableBean { private final Map<Runnable, ScheduledTask> scheduledTasks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16); private final Map<Integer, ScheduleResult> schedulerJob = new HashMap<>(); @Autowired private TaskScheduler taskScheduler; public TaskScheduler getScheduler() { return this.taskScheduler; } public void addCronTask(ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(scheduleResult.getBeanName(), scheduleResult.getMethodName(), scheduleResult.getMethodParams()); String cronExpression = scheduleResult.getCronExpression(); CronTask cronTask = new CronTask(task, cronExpression); // 如果当前包含这个任务,则移除 if (this.scheduledTasks.containsKey(task)) { removeCronTask(scheduleResult.getBeanName(), scheduleResult.getMethodName(), scheduleResult.getMethodParams()); } schedulerJob.put(scheduleResult.getJobId(), scheduleResult); this.scheduledTasks.put(task, scheduleCronTask(cronTask)); } public void removeCronTask(String beanName, String methodName, String methodParams) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(beanName, methodName, methodParams); ScheduledTask scheduledTask = this.scheduledTasks.remove(task); if (scheduledTask != null) { scheduledTask.cancel(); } } public void removeCronTask(ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { schedulerJob.put(scheduleResult.getJobId(), scheduleResult); removeCronTask(scheduleResult.getBeanName(), scheduleResult.getMethodName(), scheduleResult.getMethodParams()); } public ScheduledTask scheduleCronTask(CronTask cronTask) { ScheduledTask scheduledTask = new ScheduledTask(); scheduledTask.future = this.taskScheduler.schedule(cronTask.getRunnable(), cronTask.getTrigger()); return scheduledTask; } public Map<Runnable, ScheduledTask> getScheduledTasks() { return scheduledTasks; } public Map<Integer, ScheduleResult> getSchedulerJob() { return schedulerJob; } @Override public void destroy() { for (ScheduledTask task : this.scheduledTasks.values()) { task.cancel(); } this.scheduledTasks.clear(); } public ScheduleResult getSchedulerByJobId(Integer jobId) { for (ScheduleResult job : findAllTask()) { if (jobId.equals(job.getJobId())) { return job; } } return null; } public List<ScheduleResult> findAllTask() { List<ScheduleResult> ScheduleResults = new ArrayList<>(); Set<Map.Entry<Integer, ScheduleResult>> entries = schedulerJob.entrySet(); for (Map.Entry<Integer, ScheduleResult> en : entries) { ScheduleResults.add(en.getValue()); } return ScheduleResults; } }
- CronUtils:校验Cron表达式的有效性
import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronExpression; public class CronUtils { /** * 返回一个布尔值代表一个给定的Cron表达式的有效性 * * @param cronExpression Cron表达式 * @return boolean 表达式是否有效 */ public static boolean isValid(String cronExpression) { return CronExpression.isValidExpression(cronExpression); } }
- ScheduleResult:添加定时任务实体类
import lombok.Data; @Data public class ScheduleResult { /** * 任务ID */ private Integer jobId; /** * bean名称 */ private String beanName; /** * 方法名称 */ private String methodName; /** * 方法参数: 执行service里面的哪一种方法 */ private String methodParams; /** * cron表达式 */ private String cronExpression; /** * 状态(1正常 0暂停) */ private Integer jobStatus; /** * 备注 */ private String remark; /** * 创建时间 */ private String createTime; /** * 更新时间 */ private String updateTime; }
- ScheduleJobStatus:任务状态枚举类型
public enum ScheduleJobStatus { /** * 暂停 */ PAUSE, /** * 正常 */ NORMAL; }
- SpringContextUtils类:从spring容器里获取bean
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class SpringContextUtils implements ApplicationContextAware { private static ApplicationContext applicationContext = null; @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { if (SpringContextUtils.applicationContext == null) { SpringContextUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext; } } public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() { return applicationContext; } // 通过name获取 Bean. public static Object getBean(String name) { return getApplicationContext().getBean(name); } // 通过class获取Bean. public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) { return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz); } // 通过name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean public static <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> clazz) { return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz); } public static boolean containsBean(String name) { return getApplicationContext().containsBean(name); } public static boolean isSingleton(String name) { return getApplicationContext().isSingleton(name); } public static Class<? extends Object> getType(String name) { return getApplicationContext().getType(name); } }
- ScheduleJobService:增删启停service方法
@Service @Slf4j public class ScheduleJobService { @Autowired private CronTaskRegistrar cronTaskRegistrar; public void addScheduleJob(ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis(); scheduleResult.setCreateTime(formatTimeYMD_HMS_SSS(currentTimeMillis)); scheduleResult.setUpdateTime(formatTimeYMD_HMS_SSS(currentTimeMillis)); scheduleResult.setJobId(findAllTask().size() + 1); if (scheduleResult.getJobStatus().equals(ScheduleJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal())) { log.info("Stop or pause: is now on"); cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(scheduleResult); return; } cronTaskRegistrar.getSchedulerJob().put(scheduleResult.getJobId(), scheduleResult); } public void editScheduleJob(ScheduleResult currentSchedule) { //先移除 cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(currentSchedule.getBeanName(), currentSchedule.getMethodName(), currentSchedule.getMethodParams()); ScheduleResult pastScheduleJob = cronTaskRegistrar.getSchedulerByJobId(currentSchedule.getJobId()); if (pastScheduleJob == null) { System.out.println("没有这个任务"); return; } //然后判断是否开启, 如果开启的话,现在立即执行 startOrStopSchedulerJob(currentSchedule, true); } public void deleteScheduleJob(ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { // 清除这个任务 cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(scheduleResult.getBeanName(), scheduleResult.getMethodName(), scheduleResult.getMethodParams()); // 清除这个任务的数据 cronTaskRegistrar.getSchedulerJob().remove(scheduleResult.getJobId()); } public void startOrStopScheduler(ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { cronTaskRegistrar.getSchedulerJob().get(scheduleResult.getJobId()).setJobStatus(scheduleResult.getJobStatus()); startOrStopSchedulerJob(scheduleResult, false); } private void startOrStopSchedulerJob(ScheduleResult scheduleResult, boolean update) { // 更新时间 scheduleResult.setUpdateTime(formatTimeYMD_HMS_SSS(System.currentTimeMillis())); if (scheduleResult.getJobStatus().equals(ScheduleJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal())) { System.out.println("停止或暂停:现在是开启"); cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(scheduleResult); return; } System.out.println("停止或暂停:现在是暂停"); if (update){ cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(scheduleResult); return; } cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(scheduleResult.getBeanName(), scheduleResult.getMethodName(), scheduleResult.getMethodParams()); } public List<ScheduleResult> findAllTask() { return cronTaskRegistrar.findAllTask(); } // 转换为年-月-日 时:分:秒 private String formatTimeYMD_HMS_SSS(long time) { return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS").format(time); } }
- cronController:访问接口
import com.example.testspringboot.cron.ScheduleResult; import com.example.testspringboot.cron.ScheduleJobService; import com.example.testspringboot.cron.utils.CronUtils; import com.google.gson.Gson; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.List; @RestController public class cronController { @Autowired private ScheduleJobService scheduleJobService; /** * 测试上传的用例文件, 获取详细执行结果 */ @PostMapping("/add") void executeTestOneFile(@RequestBody ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { boolean valid = CronUtils.isValid(scheduleResult.getCronExpression()); if (valid){ System.out.println("校验成功, 添加任务"); scheduleResult.setMethodParams(scheduleResult.getBranch()+scheduleResult.getCaseDir()); scheduleJobService.addScheduleJob(scheduleResult); }else { System.out.println("校验失败"); } } @PostMapping("/stop") void end(@RequestBody ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { Gson gson = new Gson(); System.out.println("================"); System.out.println(scheduleResult); System.out.println("================="); scheduleResult.setJobStatus(0); scheduleJobService.startOrStopScheduler(scheduleResult); } @PostMapping("/start") void start(@RequestBody ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { System.out.println("================"); System.out.println(scheduleResult); System.out.println("================="); scheduleResult.setJobStatus(1); scheduleJobService.startOrStopScheduler(scheduleResult); } @PostMapping("/edit") void edit(@RequestBody ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { System.out.println("=======edit========="); System.out.println(scheduleResult); System.out.println("================="); scheduleJobService.editScheduleJob(scheduleResult); } @PostMapping("/delete") void delete(@RequestBody ScheduleResult scheduleResult) { System.out.println("=======delete========="); System.out.println(scheduleResult); System.out.println("================="); scheduleJobService.deleteScheduleJob(scheduleResult); } @GetMapping("/tasks") List<ScheduleResult> get() throws Exception { List<ScheduleResult> allTask = scheduleJobService.findAllTask(); System.out.println("现在的定时任务数量 = " + allTask.size()); System.out.println("现在的定时任务 = " + allTask); return allTask; } }
- 测试bean
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class c1 { public void test1(String y){ System.out.println("这个是test1的bean : " + y); } public void test2(){ System.out.println("这个是test1的bean中test2方法"); } }
- 项目启动后的定时任务
import com.example.testspringboot.cron.ScheduleJobService; import com.example.testspringboot.cron.ScheduleResult; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class init implements CommandLineRunner { @Autowired private ScheduleJobService scheduleJobService; @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println("开始珍惜"); ScheduleResult scheduleResult = new ScheduleResult(); scheduleResult.setBeanName("c1"); scheduleResult.setMethodName("test1"); scheduleResult.setCronExpression("0/25 * * * * *"); scheduleResult.setJobStatus(1); scheduleResult.setMethodParams("test1"); scheduleJobService.addScheduleJob(scheduleResult); scheduleJobService.findAllTask(); } }
四、使用 Quartz 实现定时任务
Quartz 是一个功能强大的开源任务调度框架,支持复杂的任务调度需求,如任务的持久化、分布式任务管理、基于数据库的调度等。Spring Boot 提供了对 Quartz 的良好集成,使得在应用中使用 Quartz 变得更加简单。
简单使用:
import org.quartz.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean; @Configuration public class QuartzConfig { @Bean public JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetail() { JobDetailFactoryBean factoryBean = new JobDetailFactoryBean(); factoryBean.setJobClass(SampleJob.class); factoryBean.setDescription("Sample Quartz Job"); factoryBean.setDurability(true); return factoryBean; } @Bean public SimpleTriggerFactoryBean trigger(JobDetail jobDetail) { SimpleTriggerFactoryBean factoryBean = new SimpleTriggerFactoryBean(); factoryBean.setJobDetail(jobDetail); factoryBean.setRepeatInterval(5000); // 每5秒执行一次 factoryBean.setRepeatCount(SimpleTrigger.REPEAT_INDEFINITELY); return factoryBean; } public static class SampleJob implements Job { @Override public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) { System.out.println("Quartz任务执行:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); } } }
springboot整合
- 数据库设计
将任务计划放入数据库中保存。在启动任务是,从数据库中查找任务计划信息,并动态配置进去即可。
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `cc_task_info`; CREATE TABLE `cc_task_info` ( `TID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `TASK_ANME` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `TASK_CODE` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `JOB_CLASS` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `JOB_GROUP` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `CRON` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `DEL_STATUS` varchar(2) DEFAULT '1' NULL, `CRT_TIME` datetime DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`TID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='定时任务管理表'; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `cc_task_record`; CREATE TABLE `cc_task_record` ( `RID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `TASK_CODE` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `RUN_TIME` datetime NOT NULL, `RUN_CODE` char(1) NOT NULL, `RUN_MSG` varchar(100) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`RID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='定时任务运行记录表'; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `cc_task_status`; CREATE TABLE `cc_task_status` ( `TASK_CODE` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `TASK_STATUS` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `LST_SUCC_TIME` datetime NOT NULL, `LST_TIME` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`TASK_CODE`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='定时任务运行状态表';
- 定时任务管理
通过Scheduler的方法来实现。Scheduler提供了一系列方法来管理定时任务的执行状态。
主要包括:
- scheduleJob():添加定时任务
- rescheduleJob():修改定时任务
- pauseJob():暂停定时任务执行
- resumeJob():恢复定时任务执行
- deleteJob():删除定时任务执行
针对上述方法,只需要传入对应参数即可。建了一个QuartzService来管理定时任务,供业务层调用。
详细代码如下:
/** * 定时任务管理服务 */ @Service public class QuartzService { public static String SCHEDULER_OPR_START = "start"; public static String SCHEDULER_OPR_PAUSE = "pause"; public static String SCHEDULER_OPR_RESUME = "resume"; public static String SCHEDULER_OPR_REMOVE = "remove"; @Autowired private Scheduler scheduler; /** * 启动任务 */ public void startJob(String taskCode, String taskAnme, String cron, String jobGroup, String className) throws Exception{ Class<Job> jobClass = null; try { jobClass = (Class<Job>) Class.forName(className);//获取任务执行类 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new Exception("任务类不存在"); } //创建job,指定job名称和分组 JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(jobClass).withIdentity(taskCode, jobGroup).build(); //创建表达式工作计划 CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cron); //创建触发器 CronTrigger cronTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(taskCode, jobGroup) .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build(); scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, cronTrigger); } /** * 修改定时任务执行时间 * @param taskCode * @param jobGroup * @param cron 新的时间 * @throws Exception */ public void modifyJob(String taskCode, String jobGroup, String cron) throws Exception{ TriggerKey triggerKey = new TriggerKey(taskCode, jobGroup); CronTrigger trigger = (CronTrigger) scheduler.getTrigger(triggerKey); String oldCron = trigger.getCronExpression(); if(!oldCron.equals(cron)){ CronTrigger cronTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(taskCode, jobGroup) .withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cron)).build(); Date date = scheduler.rescheduleJob(triggerKey, cronTrigger); if(date == null){ throw new Exception("修改定时任务执行时间报错"); } } } /** * 暂停某个定时任务(任务恢复后,暂停时间段内未执行的任务会继续执行,如暂停时间段内有2次,则会执行2次) * @param taskCode * @param jobGroup * @throws Exception */ public void pauseJob(String taskCode, String jobGroup) throws Exception{ JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(taskCode, jobGroup); JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey); if(jobDetail == null){ return; } scheduler.pauseJob(jobKey); } /** * 恢复某个定时任务 * @param taskCode * @param jobGroup * @throws Exception */ public void resumeJob(String taskCode, String jobGroup) throws Exception{ JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(taskCode, jobGroup); JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey); if(jobDetail == null){ return; } scheduler.resumeJob(jobKey); } /** * 删除某个定时任务 * @param taskCode * @param jobGroup * @throws Exception */ public void deleteJob(String taskCode, String jobGroup) throws Exception{ JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(taskCode, jobGroup); JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey); if(jobDetail == null){ return; } scheduler.deleteJob(jobKey); } }
- 编写任务类JOB
任务类JOB就是定时任务具体要处理的系统业务逻辑,需要实现Job接口。
在任务启动时,通过jobClass传入JobDetail。
public class DemoJob implements Job { @Override public void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException { String taskCode = jobExecutionContext.getJobDetail().getKey().getName(); System.out.println("执行定时任务:" + taskCode); } }
- 配置Scheduler
在Configuration中配置Scheduler实例,并启动。
@Configuration public class QuartzConfig { @Bean public Scheduler scheduler(){ Scheduler scheduler = null; SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(); try { scheduler = factory.getScheduler(); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if(scheduler != null){ try { //启动定时任务 scheduler.start(); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return scheduler; } }
- 编写API接口
通过Controller提供API接口,这里的TaskService调用了QartzService的对应接口,并做了一个写数据库读写操作,主要记录定时任务状态、执行记录信息的等。
@RestController @RequestMapping("/api/task") public class TaskController { @Autowired private TaskService service; @RequestMapping("/start") public Object start(int id){ try { service.startJob(id); return RtnData.ok(); } catch (Exception e) { return RtnData.fail(e.getMessage()); } } @RequestMapping("/pause") public Object pause(int id){ try { service.pauseJob(id); return RtnData.ok(); } catch (Exception e) { return RtnData.fail(e.getMessage()); } } @RequestMapping("/resume") public Object resume(int id){ try { service.resumeJob(id); return RtnData.ok(); } catch (Exception e) { return RtnData.fail(e.getMessage()); } } @RequestMapping("/remove") public Object remove(int id){ try { service.deleteJob(id); return RtnData.ok(); } catch (Exception e) { return RtnData.fail(e.getMessage()); } } }
以上就是SpringBoot创建动态定时任务的几种方式小结的详细内容,更多关于SpringBoot动态定时任务的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章!
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