OpenFeign指定url方式调用的方式详解
引言
OpenFeign一般是结合注册中心一起使用的,也就是可以通过提供服务的名称而不是url来完成对目标服务的访问。但是出于本地调试的需要,或者考虑到一些简单的服务可能并不需要依赖注册中心,所以本篇我们就讲解一下OpenFeign直接通过目标服务的url进行调用的方式。
FeignClient注解配置URL
在@FeignClient注解的url属性中写一个固定的调用地址:
package com.morris.user.client; import com.morris.user.entity.Order; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import java.util.List; /** * 指定url属性 */ @FeignClient(value = "order-service", url = "http://localhost:8020", path = "/order", contextId = "orderUrl") public interface OrderUrlClient { @GetMapping("findOrderByUserId") List<Order> findOrderByUserId(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId); }
或者写一个可配置的地址,这样可以在配置文件里指定,可以根据不同的环境配置不同的URL,这种方式在创建feign客户端的时候就需要规划好:
@FeignClient(value = "order-service", url = "${customer.url}", path = "/order", contextId = "orderUrl") public interface OrderUrlClient { @GetMapping("findOrderByUserId") List<Order> findOrderByUserId(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId); }
实现RequestInterceptor接口?
实现RequestInterceptor接口在发起HTTP请求之前将注册中心调用方式修改为url方式调用。
在@FeignClient注解中指定configuration属性,这里并没有指定url属性:
package com.morris.user.client; import com.morris.user.config.FeignUrlConfig; import com.morris.user.entity.Order; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import java.util.List; @FeignClient(value = "order-service", path = "/order", contextId = "orderUrl2", configuration = FeignUrlConfig.class) public interface OrderUrlClient2 { @GetMapping("findOrderByUserId") List<Order> findOrderByUserId(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId); }
FeignUrlConfig类中注入了一个RequestInterceptor类来拦截OrderUrlClient2中的请求,这里只会拦截OrderUrlClient2类中的请求:
package com.morris.user.config; import feign.Logger; import feign.Request; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; public class FeignUrlConfig { @Bean public Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } @Bean public FeignUrlRequestInterceptor feignTraceRequestInterceptor() { return new FeignUrlRequestInterceptor(); } }
FeignUrlRequestInterceptor类中将请求的地址修改为具体的url,而不是之前的serviceId。
package com.morris.user.config; import feign.RequestInterceptor; import feign.RequestTemplate; public class FeignUrlRequestInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor { @Override public void apply(RequestTemplate template) { System.out.println("old: " + template.url()); // /findOrderByUserId?userId=1 template.target("http://localhost:8020/order"); System.out.println("new: " + template.url()); // http://localhost:8020/order/findOrderByUserId?userId=1 } }
发起请求后抛出如下异常:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Load balancer does not contain an instance for the service localhost at com.morris.user.config.FeignErrorDecoder.decode(FeignErrorDecoder.java:24) ~[classes/:na]
可以发现Feign还是会去注册中心寻找服务,这是为什么呢?
通过阅读FeignClientFactoryBean源码发现:
<T> T getTarget() { FeignContext context = applicationContext.getBean(FeignContext.class); Feign.Builder builder = feign(context); if (!StringUtils.hasText(url)) { if (!name.startsWith("http")) { url = "http://" + name; } else { url = name; } url += cleanPath(); // url不存在 return (T) loadBalance(builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(type, name, url)); } if (StringUtils.hasText(url) && !url.startsWith("http")) { url = "http://" + url; } String url = this.url + cleanPath(); Client client = getOptional(context, Client.class); if (client != null) { if (client instanceof LoadBalancerFeignClient) { // not load balancing because we have a url, // but ribbon is on the classpath, so unwrap client = ((LoadBalancerFeignClient) client).getDelegate(); } if (client instanceof FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient) { // not load balancing because we have a url, // but Spring Cloud LoadBalancer is on the classpath, so unwrap // url不存在 client = ((FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient) client).getDelegate(); } builder.client(client); } Targeter targeter = get(context, Targeter.class); return (T) targeter.target(this, builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(type, name, url)); }
当@FeignClient中的url属性不存在时,底层的Client使用的是FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient,这个Client会根据serviceId去注册中心查询服务,并进行负载均衡,虽然FeignUrlRequestInterceptor修改了url地址,但是Client会根据修改后的serviceId,也就是FeignUrlRequestInterceptor只能修改serviceId,不能改变调用方式。
当@FeignClient中的url属性存在时,底层的Client使用的是FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient.getDelegate(),也就是ApacheHttpClient,这个client就不会去注册中心查询服务了,直接发起接口的调用。
自定义FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient
自定义一个FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient来改写url:
@FeignClient注解中指定configuration属性:
package com.morris.user.client; import com.morris.user.config.OrderUrlClient3Config; import com.morris.user.entity.Order; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import java.util.List; @FeignClient(value = "order-service", path = "/order", contextId = "orderUrl3", configuration = OrderUrlClient3Config.class) public interface OrderUrlClient3 { @GetMapping("findOrderByUserId") List<Order> findOrderByUserId(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId); }
OrderUrlClient3Config类中注入了一个OrderUrlClient3Client类来拦截OrderUrlClient3中的请求,这里只会拦截OrderUrlClient3类中的请求,如果要实现全局的拦截,可以在OrderUrlClient3Config类上加@Configuration注解:
package com.morris.user.config; import feign.Client; import feign.Logger; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; public class OrderUrlClient3Config { @Bean public Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } @Bean public OrderUrlClient3Client orderUrlClient3Client() { return new OrderUrlClient3Client(new Client.Default(null, null), null); } }
OrderUrlClient3Client类继承了FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient,重写了execute()方法:
package com.morris.user.config; import feign.Client; import feign.Request; import feign.Response; import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.blocking.client.BlockingLoadBalancerClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.loadbalancer.FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient; import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URI; public class OrderUrlClient3Client extends FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient { private final Client delegate; public OrderUrlClient3Client(Client delegate, BlockingLoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient) { super(delegate, loadBalancerClient); this.delegate = delegate; } @Override public Response execute(Request request, Request.Options options) throws IOException { final URI originalUri = URI.create(request.url()); // 修改url URI newUri = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUri(originalUri).host("localhost").port(8020) .build().toUri(); Request newRequest = Request.create(request.httpMethod(), newUri.toString(), request.headers(), request.body(), request.charset(), request.requestTemplate()); return delegate.execute(newRequest, options); } }
BeanFactoryPostProcessor修改bean的url属性
这里可以使用Spring的扩展,给@FeignClient对应的Bean对象FeignClientFactoryBean加上url属性,这样在容器启动过程中就加上了url属性,feign创建的client为ApacheHttpClient,而不是FeignBlockingLoadBalancerClient
package com.morris.user.config; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValue; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Objects; @Component public class OrderUrl4BeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor { @Override public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { if(!(beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory)) { return; } DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory; String[] bdNames = defaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String bdName : bdNames) { BeanDefinition beanDefinition = defaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(bdName); if (!Objects.equals("org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClientFactoryBean", beanDefinition.getBeanClassName())) { continue; } if(!bdName.equals("com.morris.user.client.OrderUrlClient4")) { // 这里只拦截OrderUrlClient4,放开就是全局 continue; } PropertyValue urlPv = beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().getPropertyValue("url"); if (Objects.nonNull(urlPv)) { Object value = urlPv.getValue(); if (value instanceof String) { String url = (String) value; if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) { // 已指定url跳过 continue; } } } // 相当于给@FeignClinet注解加上url属性 beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("url", "http://localhost:8020"); } } }
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