Python中网络请求中Retry策略实现方式

import requests
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry

# 定义重试策略，例如：总共重试5次，每次重试之间按指数退避，针对特定状态码进行重试，并仅限于GET和POST方法
retries = Retry(
    total=5,  # 总共尝试重试次数
    backoff_factor=1,  # 指数退避因子，用于计算两次重试之间的等待时间
    status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 504],  # 触发重试的状态码集合
    allowed_methods=frozenset(["GET", "POST"]),  # 允许重试的HTTP方法
)

1adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)  # 创建HTTPAdapter并设置最大重试次数

session = requests.Session()
session.mount('http://', adapter)  # 对HTTP请求启用重试策略
session.mount('https://', adapter)  # 对HTTPS请求启用重试策略

url = "http://httpbin.org/status/500"
response = session.get(url)  # 使用具有重试功能的Session对象发送请求

import requests
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry

def request_with_retry(url, max_retries=5, backoff_factor=1, status_forcelist=None):
    if status_forcelist is None:
        status_forcelist = [500, 502, 503, 504]  # 默认重试状态码集合

    session = requests.Session()
    retries = Retry(total=max_retries,
                    backoff_factor=backoff_factor,
                    status_forcelist=status_forcelist,
                    method_whitelist=["GET", "POST"])
    adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)
    session.mount('http://', adapter)
    session.mount('https://', adapter)

    try:
        response = session.get(url)
        response.raise_for_status()  # 如果响应状态码为4XX或5XX，将抛出HTTPError异常
        return response
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
        print(f"HTTP 错误: {e}")
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
        print(f"连接错误: {e}")
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
        print(f"超时错误: {e}")
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"请求异常: {e}")

url = "http://httpbin.org/status/500"
response = request_with_retry(url)

if response:
    print(response.text)